1. Political Reform and the Progressive Era
Chapter 19
Political Reform and the Progressive Era

3. Ch 19 Sec 1 The Gilded Age and Progressive Reform
I can understand how reformers tried to end government corruption and limit the influence of big business

4. The Gilded Age
Things looked good after Civil War but underneath, rotten
2 PROBLEMS
Industrialists getting rich at peoples expense
Government corruption

5. SPOILS SYSTEM You get elected, you give your friends government jobs
1881 James Garfield didn’t and got killed
1883 Civil Service Law
Charles Guiteau

6. Big Business
Congressmen bribed
Police paid off
GO TO PG 645

7. RESULTS
1887 – Pres. Cleveland signed Interstate Commerce Act. Stopped rebates
Set up Interstate Commerce Commission
1890 – Pres. Harrison signed Sherman Anti Trust Act. (not completely effective)

8. Corruption in Cities
Cities need sewers, other services
Political bosses gave jobs to friends
City politicians and bosses befriended immigrants – WHY?

9. Boss Tweed One of the worst 20 years cheated N.Y. City out of $100 mil
Relate to civil service

10. Progressive Reforms
Wisconsin Plan – Commissions to solve problems – Railroad Commission lowered prices
Primary Elections instead of Party picks
Recall
Initiatives

11. Progressive Reforms 16th Amendment – 1913 – Income Tax
17th Amendment – Direct election of senators
The Press – Muckrakers – Exposed problems in government, business and industry

12. Examples Upton Sinclair – 1878 – 1968 The Jungle
Ida Tarbell – 1857 – 1944
Standard Oil Expose
Lincoln biographer

14. Ch 19 Sec 2 The Progressive Presidents
I CAN UNDERSTAND HOW THE PROGRESSIVE PRESIDENTS EXTENDED REFORMS

15. Someone who wants to move ahead, beyond what we have.
PROGRESSIVES
What is a Progressive?
Someone who wants to move ahead, beyond what we have.
Early 1900’s, series of Progressive Presidents

16. #1
William McKinley
Assassinated Sept. 6, 1901

17. McKinley’s V.P. takes over#2
McKinley’s V.P. takes over
Theodore Roosevelt

18. At 42 – Youngest American President
T.R. do not copy
At 42 – Youngest American President
From New York – Alive when Lincoln was assassinated

20. T.R. Public Service
Age 23 – New York Legislature
Civil Service Commission
Commissioner of New York Police
Assistant Secretary of the Navy
Cavalry hero in Spanish American War

21. Elected as V.P. for McKinley

22. T.R. as President Take Notes
Trustbuster
1. Broke up Northern Securities Trust (RR’s)
2. Broke up Standard Oil
3. Broke up American Tobacco
4. Sided with Unions in a mine strike (1902)

23. T.R. Accomplishments 1904 – Ran for President – SQUARE DEAL
Said everyone has opportunity to succeed
Conservation President
Set aside land for National Parks
Created National Park Service
Consumer protections – Health & Safety

24. William Taft – 1908
Quiet & Cautious
Broke up more trusts
Graduated income tax
Safety laws for miners
8 hour work day
Controlled child labor

25. Favored protective tariffs
Taft
Favored protective tariffs
Lost Progressive support
Bath tub – baseball – milk cow – first car

26. REMEMBER SPLITTING THE VOTE?
The Next Election
Roosevelt wanted back in
Taft controlled Republican Party
REMEMBER SPLITTING THE VOTE?
WHAT HAPPENS?
Democrat Woodrow Wilson wins

27. Brilliant, scholar, cautious, rigid Plan – The New Freedom
Wilson
Brilliant, scholar, cautious, rigid
Plan – The New Freedom
Encouraged fair competition

28. Wilson Created Federal Trade Commission Signed Clayton Anti-Trust Act
Passed Federal Reserve Act

30. Ch 19 Sec 3 The Rights of Women
I can understand how women gained new rights

31. Progressives Wanted reform of Government Business Quality of Life
Not concerned about women’s suffrage

32. Suffrage
Senaca Falls Convention , birth of Women’s suffrage
After Civil war, National Women’s Suffrage Association
Susan B. Anthony
Elizabeth Cady Stanton

33. Western States WY – UT – CO – ID, allowed women to vote
Early 1900’s, 5 mil women worked outside the home, but paid less
Stanton and Anthony died
New leader – Carrie Chapman Catt
Campaigned for vote

36. Alice Paul

40. 19th Amendment
Passed Congress in 1919
Ratified by ¾ of states 1920

41. Education – 1877 – First female Ph.D – Boston College
Opportunities
Education – 1877 – First female Ph.D – Boston College
1900 – 1,000- female lawyers, 7,000 female doctors

42. Many reformers came from clubs
Women’s Clubs
First, just social
Many reformers came from clubs

43. Other causes
Florence Kelley – Child labor
Frances Willard – Women’s Christian Temperance Union
Carrie Nation – Temperance movement
18th Amendment, 1917 – Ratified 1919

45. I can understand the challenges faced by minority groups.
Ch 19 Sec 4
I can understand the challenges faced by minority groups.

46. Struggles for Justice
Progressives not concerned about minority rights
1. Jim Crow laws
2. Violence against blacks
3. Similar problems for Mexicans, Asians and religious minorities

47. Discrimination in both north and south Housing discrimination
African Americans
Discrimination in both north and south
Housing discrimination
Discrimination in jobs

48. Booker T. Washington Born a slave Taught self to read and write
Worked his way through school and college
Became a teacher
Promoted job training at Tuskegee Institute

49. B.T. Washington Supported by Carnegie & Rockefeller
Advisor to Progressive Presidents
Said with jobs and training, blacks could earn money and gain power and demand equality
Criticized by W.E.B. Du Bois

50. W.E.B. Du Bois Ph.D. from Harvard
Agreed that blacks must be thrifty, patient and get training
Activist about discrimination
Founded N.A.A.C.P. 1909

51. Lynching 1890’s, over 1,000 lynched Imagined insults and crimes
Carried out by angry whites

52. Setbacks / Successes
Pres. Wilson ordered segregation of Federal workers
BUT
Successes like George Washington Carver
Sarah Walker

53. Mexican Americans Revolution in Mexico, 1910 Many fled Mexico
90% settled in S.W.

54. Mexican Americans Many did manual labor Some worked in factories
Paid less than whites

55. Seeking to preserve culture – came together in barrios
Mexican Americans
Seeking to preserve culture – came together in barrios
Self help groups
Immigrant aid societies
Insurance & legal advice

56. No more Chinese immigration – 1882
Asians
No more Chinese immigration – 1882
Japanese came to work
Most to Hawaii

57. Asians When U.S. took over Hawaii (1898) many came to mainland
Hard workers, produced large amount of CA fruit and vegetables

58. Asians
1906 – San Francisco – forced ALL Asian students into separate schools
Japan protests
Pressure on t. Roosevelt to limit Japanese immigration
TR did not want to anger Japan

59. A Deal SF ends segregation TR will restrict Japanese immigration
Japan agrees to not let others immigrate
U.S. agrees to let wives join husbands
BUT
CA bans non citizen Asians from owning land

60. Religious Minorities ANTI CATHOLIC
Anti-Catholic American Protective Association
Anti-Catholic text books and teachers
Catholics set up own school – Parochial

61. Religious Minorities ANTI JEWISH
Leo Frank falsely accused and convicted of murder
When Georgia Governor reduced sentence, a mob lynched him
Jewish Anti-Defamation League founded
1913 – Georgia - murder