1. Part 6 - Class Amphibia and tetrapod origins

2. Class Amphibia (sensu stricto) 3 living orders

3. Class Amphibia also called Lissamphibia

4. All sorts of “amphibians” in the fossil record

5. lobe-fin fish †early tetrapods: labyrinthodonts, ichthyostegans, “fish-o-pods” Lepospondyli, †Anthracosaurs Amnoita Temnospondyli Lissamphibia = Class Amphibia (s.s.) † various dead ends aquatic terrestrial fish tetrapod

6. non-Amniote, non- amphibian tetrapods

7. Often called “amphibians”

8. Class Amphibia

9. non-Amniote, non- amphibian tetrapods

10. Tetrapod Origins Ray Troll

11. “Fishes”

12. Internal choanae (nares)

13. Rhipidistian “fish” Eusthenopteron

14. Rhipidistian “fishes” Probably ‘terrestrial’ only in an emergency

15. “fish-o-pods”

16. Tiktaalik “Fish-o-pods”

17. Tiktaalik “fishes” “fishopod” tetrapods

18. 1 st terrestrial tetrapods

19. “Fish”Tetrapod ? Limbs with digits strengthened limb girdles

20. † Acanthostega Early tetrapod trackway 1 st Terrestrial tetrapods – Ichthyostegans, Labyrinthodonts

21. Labyrintodonts

22. Ichthyostega Labyrintodonts

23. 1 st terrestrial tetrapods

24. A divergence

25. Lepospondyls Terminospondyls on to amniotes on to amphibians

26. Lepospondyls and Antracosaurs

28. Anthracosaurs trending more terrestrial

29. Lepospondyls and Antracosaurs On to the amniotes ….

30. One hypothesis Early amniotes Anthracosaur – anamniote

31. But first the amphibians

32. Ray Troll

33. Devonian 416-360 mya

34. Carboniferous 360-300 mya

36. Temnospondyli

37. Terminospondyls on our way to amphibians (sensu stricto)

38. Eryops Temnospondyli

39. Lissamphibia Class Amphibia (sensu stricto)

40. Class Amphibia (sensu stricto)

41. 360-300 mya Originated and diversified the Carboniferous Class Amphibia

43. Problems with Terrestrial Living

44. Solutions

45. Senses Olfaction and hearing

46. Hearing Solutions Senses

47. Solutions Respiration lungs and skin

48. Solutions Circulation

49. Single pump / single circuit system Fishes Circulation

50. Tetrapods - primitive Separate respiratory and systemic circuits lungs body Circulation

51. Fishes Amphibians Circulation

52. Solutions Circulation to skin lung

53. Amphibian heart

54. Wastes

55. Skeletal and muscle innovations

56. Amphibians still tied to water

57. lobe-fin fish †early tetrapods: labyrinthodonts, ichthyostegans, “fish-o-pods” Lepospondyli, †Anthracosaurs Amnoita Temnospondyli Lissamphibia = Class Amphibia (s.s.) † various dead ends aquatic terrestrial fish tetrapod

58. Class Amphibia Living Diversity 3 orders

59. Order Gymnophiona (aka Apoda) caecilians

64. Order Caudata (aka Urodela) Salamanders

65. Japanese giant salamander (Andrias japonicus)

66. Plethodontidae

69. Salamander Eggs

72. Aneides aeneus – green salamander

75. Gill bearing Salamander larvae

76. Neoteny Paedomorphosis

77. Amphiuma

78. Siren

79. Cryptobranchus

80. Plethodontidae our family has no lungs

81. Order Anura Frogs and toads

82. Triassic Frogs

83. Frog and Toad

84. Rana Leopard frogs

85. Hyla Tree frogs

86. Toads Bufo

87. Size range

88. Burrowing and Hibernating

89. Frog Calls

91. Amplexus

92. Frog Eggs

93. Tadpoles

96. Metamorphosis

98. Feeding niches

100. Rana catesbeiana Bull Frog

103. Some native Arizona leopard frogs

104. Protected Arizona snake MEXICAN GARTERSNAKE Thamnophis eques

105. Cane toad Bufo marinus

109. Xenopus African clawed frog

110. Amphibian Conservation

111. CI Diversity Hyla regilla

112. Batrachosep s nigriventris Bufo boreas CI Diversity

113. Rana draytonii - California Red legged Frog a declining species