1. Part 5 – Living on Land From fish to (terrestrial) tetrapod

2. “fishes”tetrapods The Transition

3. Challenges of terrestrial living

4. “Fishes” Tetrapods

5. The players …..

6. Aquatic tetrapods

7. † Shallow water, freshwater aquatic tetrapod (lobe-finned fish)

8. Aquatic tetrapods

9. Icthyostega Internal choanae

11. Aquatic / terrestrial tetrapods

12. † Primitive aquatic tetrapods

13. † Primitive terrestrial tetrapods (on the way to amphibians)

14. Terrestrial tetrapods

15. 2 terrestrial tetrapod groups

17. Amniotes (reptile/bird, mammal) (Lepospondyli) 1.

18. † Primitive amniotes (pre- reptile/bird, mammal) (Lepospondyli – husk vertebrae ) 1.

20. Temnospondyli 2. Amphibians + (many) extinct things

21. Temnospondyli 2. † Proto-Amphibians (split vertebrae)

22. 2 terrestrial tetrapod groups

23. Tetrapods † aquatic tetrapods † semi-terrestrial tetrapods † Lepospondyli Amniotes † Temnospondyli Amphibians Terrestrial tetrapods

24. lobe-fin fish †early tetrapods Lepospondyli Amnoita Temnospondyli Class Amphibia † various dead ends aquatic terrestrial fish tetrapod

25. Some time scale 6 billion years

26. Cenozoic Mesozoic Paleozoic 600 million years

27. Paleozoic Fish Events

28. Paleozoic Tetrapod events (early)

29. Paleozoic Tetrapod events (late)

30. Paleozoic Earth

32. Ordovician terrestrial habitats

33. Devonian terrestrial habitats

34. Carboniferous terrestrial habitats

36. Carboniferous millipede tracks

37. Meganeura Carboniferous dragonfly 75 cm wingspan

38. Permian – cooler and drier

39. Permian Volcanism

40. Devonian – First tetrapods Panderichthys Tiktaalik Acanthostega Ichthyostega

41. Carboniferous – tetrapods diversify and move onto land Pederpes Loxomma Amphibamus Tuditanus

42. Permian – it all almost ends

43. Living on land

44. Pre-adaptations Lungs Limbs

45. Internal choanae Pre-adaptations

46. Support and Movement

47. Fish primitive (terrestrial) tetrapod Terrestrial tetrapods Vertebral innovations

49. Vertebral Column fishes, pre-terrestrial tetrapods

50. Vertebral Column terrestrial tetrapods

51. Terrestrial tetrapods zygapophyses

53. Early Tetrapods Terrestrial Aquatic

54. Limb Girdles

55. Fishes opercular bones present pectoral girdle skull connected *

56. Panderichthys Lobe-finned Fish Tiktaalik Basal tetrapod = “fish-o-pod” Opercular bones lost

57. Vantastega Skull / girdle connection lost

58. Tetrapods have necks

59. “fish” tetrapod “fish” tetrapod

60. Pelvic girdle “Fishes” No connection to vertebral column

61. Lobefin fish Primitive tetrapod no connection connection Pelvic girdle

62. Eryops Pectoral Pelvic

63. Eryops

64. Pre-amphibians Temnospondyli

65. living amphibian pelvic girdle

66. Appendicular Skeleton lobe-fin fish aquatic tetrapod

67. Appendicular Skeleton early terrestrial tetrapod later terrestrial tetrapod

68. “fish” tetrapod “fish” tetrapod

69. How many digits?

70. Physiology and soft anatomy

71. Switching from gill breathing (with lungs) to lung breathing

72. “Fish” – gills with lungs Tetrapod – lungs with gills

73. Gill breathing – with lungs

75. Lung breathing

76. lobe-fin fish †early tetrapods Lepospondyli Amnoita Temnospondyli Lissamphibia = Class Amphibia (s.s.) † various dead ends aquatic terrestrial fish tetrapod