1. Sleep ION Program Summer 2013

2. electroencephalogram - EEG - record of the electrical activity of many neurons directly under the electrode - on the surface of cortex. This record is made from outside the skin. Slide from Chris Goode, PhD, PSYC 1100: Natural Sciences Aspect of Psychology, Week 9: Consciousness Spring 2008

3. We define sleep stages by the kinds of EEG waves seen at each stage Slide from Chris Goode, PhD, PSYC 1100: Natural Sciences Aspect of Psychology, Week 9: Consciousness Spring 2008

4. We go through several cycles of sleep each night Slide from Chris Goode, PhD, PSYC 1100: Natural Sciences Aspect of Psychology, Week 9: Consciousness Spring 2008

5. Sleeping patterns change with age Slide from Chris Goode, PhD, PSYC 1100: Natural Sciences Aspect of Psychology, Week 9: Consciousness Spring 2008

6. Two Biological Clocks in the Brain Slide from Chris Goode, PhD, PSYC 1100: Natural Sciences Aspect of Psychology, Week 9: Consciousness Spring 2008

7. Our daily cycle (circadian rhythm) is determined in part by the SCN (suprachiasmatic nucleus) in the hypothalamus Slide from Chris Goode, PhD, PSYC 1100: Natural Sciences Aspect of Psychology, Week 9: Consciousness Spring 2008

8. Consequences of Lack of Sleep Limits your ability to concentrate and solve problems* Increase acne* Lead to aggressive or inappropriate behavior* 100,000 Driving Accidents and 1,500 deaths each year from driving drowsy** *According to National Sleep Foundation ** According to the National Highway Safety Transportation Administration

9. WHY do we sleep? rest/restoration hypothesis we sleep to replenish energy, repair tissues evidence: marathon runners spend more time in deep sleep for 2 nights after Slide from Chris Goode, PhD, PSYC 1100: Natural Sciences Aspect of Psychology, Week 9: Consciousness Spring 2008

10. “adaptive” or preservation/protection theory: it’s dangerous out there; you’re safer if you spend some time hidden and unconscious evidence: large herbivores who must eat constantly and have trouble hiding sleep LESS - giraffes = 20 min at time 2-3x per day animals with few natural predators sleep more - lions smaller animals that don’t need to graze sleep more - bats Slide from Chris Goode, PhD, PSYC 1100: Natural Sciences Aspect of Psychology, Week 9: Consciousness Spring 2008

11. Memory Consolidation? Sleep helps to strengthen or “consolidate” new memories in the brain Rats spend more time in REM sleep after learning new tasks If deprived of REM sleep, weaker recall Some of these results inconsistent Babies and Infants more time in REM Sleep Dolphins don’t experience REM