1. Sleep – the most common ASC
Yay sleep, that’s where I’m a viking!

2. Studying Sleep Sleep Labs
Polysomnography - detailed monitoring and recording of physiological responses during sleep

3. Studying Sleep Electroencephalogram - EEG Electromyograph - EMG
Electro-oculargram - EOG

4. The sleep Scientist at Work

5. Sleep patterns and stages

6. Non Rapid Eye Movement sleep
Stage 1 NREM – dosing, falling asleep, hypnic jerks, losing awareness (alpha, theta) 5 – 10 mins
Stage 2 NREM – truly asleep, everything continues to slow, (theta with spindles – high frequency & k complexes - low freq high amplitude) may still think not asleep 10 – 20 mins

7. Non Rapid Eye Movement Sleep
3 NREM – deeper sleep, more slowing of bodily function (theta, delta) 30 mins
4 NREM – Deepest, hard to wake, disorientated (delta) 20 mins at beginning less as night goes on

8. Rapid Eye Movement Sleep
REM sleep – Rapid eye movement, dream sleep
Higher arousal but not awake,
Helps consolidate memories - form new connections between neurons, evidence that young have more REM than old as brain still developing

9. 1 = Alpha/Theta
2 = Theta/Spindles/ K complex
3 = Theta / Delta
4 = Delta
REM = Alpha

10. Sleep pattern shifts over the lifespan
Most people your age get about 8 hours
Research shows that adolescents need 9 or 10 hours
Many people report not being able to get to sleep quickly, not getting enough sleep and difficulty getting up in the morning
Biological factors – rhythms – regulate when we sleep and wake through the release of hormones that make us tired
Our sleep-wake cycle is called a circadian rhythm – this means about a day

11. So why are you tired?
During adolescence your sleep-wake cycle is shifted biologically (through the release of hormones) to make you require about 2 hours more sleep!
But our school and work day does not really allow for this! (that’s shit)
As we consistently get less than optimum sleep we create a sleep debt – this compounds like a fine you haven't payed – it gets bigger and bigger
As a result you try to catch up on the weekend! But then you go to bed later and compound the problem!
Research shows that less than 8 hours has a negative impact on cognitive function

12. Why do we need to sleep? Restoration
Recovery from physical and mental exertion
Repair damaged cells
Replenish energy stores
Memory formation
Survival
Night time is dangerous for humans
Being inactive during this time aids our survival as we are less likely to be eaten!

13. Sleep Deprivation Means going without sleep
Involves partial or total loss of sleep
May occur during one night or for several nights.
Varies from one individual to another
Longest anyone known to have gone without sleep is 11 days – suffered severe psychological effects during deprivation, hallucinated and deluded

14. Psychological effects
Results in unpleasant feelings, irritability, fatigue, loss of concentration, headaches, lowered energy levels and slower reaction time
Extreme cases depression, hallucinations & delusions. Effects can be overcome with a few good nights sleep with fewer hours sleep
than those lost

15. Physiological effects
Heart slows, shaking, increase sensitivity to pain, immune function impaired
Effects can be overcome with a few good nights sleep with fewer hours sleep than those lost

16. Sleep deprivation research – do sleeping pills work?
Research using the administration of drugs often encounters a problem known as the Placebo effect
The placebo effect occurs when a participant's behavioural response is influenced by their expectation of how they should behave
The expectations of the participants rather than (or as well as) the independent variable, may be affecting the dependent variable and therefore the results
Eg. You know you had the drug so you expect to sleep better. I cant know now if the drug or your expectation caused the change