1. © BRITISH NUTRITION FOUNDATION 2012 Health and welfare of dairy cows

2. © BRITISH NUTRITION FOUNDATION 2012 Leaning objectives To recall the five freedoms for animals. To understand the importance of maintaining the health and welfare of dairy cows. To recognise the prevention and treatment of common health problems in cows.

3. © BRITISH NUTRITION FOUNDATION 2012 Importance of health and welfare The health and welfare of dairy cows are the top priorities for every dairy farmer. Health, welfare and longevity are prioritised over milk yield. The farmers on all 15,700 of the UK's dairy farms make sure their cows are given the best possible care with nutritious feed, plenty of water and spacious sheds and pastures. Find our more …

4. © BRITISH NUTRITION FOUNDATION 2012 Five Freedoms The Farm Animal Welfare Council's 'Five Freedoms’ are: Freedom from hunger and thirst; Freedom from discomfort; Freedom from pain, injury or disease; Freedom to express normal behaviour; Freedom from fear and distress.

5. © BRITISH NUTRITION FOUNDATION 2012 Cattle passport All British dairy cows wear ear tags with a unique number. These numbers are also found on the cattle passports. Each passport can trace the animal's mother, place of birth and any location movements throughout its lifetime.

6. © BRITISH NUTRITION FOUNDATION 2012 Herd health checks Dairy farmers work with veterinary surgeons or other specialists to develop health plans for their herd. These include information such as prevention and treatment programmes for common diseases and ailments, along with vaccination schedules. The health plan is reviewed regularly.

7. © BRITISH NUTRITION FOUNDATION 2012 Grazing Dairy cows mostly graze outdoors during the summer. When indoors in cow sheds the cows continue to exercise and graze at their own leisure. The cow sheds are designed to be spacious and to provide lots of natural light and fresh air - giving a feeling of being outdoors, but with protection from the elements. The sheds are also regularly cleaned to help prevent disease.

8. © BRITISH NUTRITION FOUNDATION 2012 Cow sheds Most dairy cows are housed during the winter and bad weather to protect them. A few farms house the cows throughout the year. Once inside, the cows are free to move around, eat and drink, socialise and lay down in natural light. Sheds are designed to ensure there is plenty of space for the cows to exercise, socialise and rest. Sheds must be compliant with the Assured Dairy Farms (ADF) scheme, ensuring the 'Five Freedoms' are met. Find our more …

9. © BRITISH NUTRITION FOUNDATION 2012 Animal nutritionists Cows need a healthy and balanced diet in order to produce milk, so dairy farmers work with nutritionists to create special diet plans. The diet will provide a nutritious balance of energy, protein, vitamins and minerals. When designing a diet, the nutritionist takes into account the age and weight of the cows, as well as how much milk they are likely to produce.

10. © BRITISH NUTRITION FOUNDATION 2012 Red tractor initiative The Red Tractor symbol on packaging means that the milk and dairy foods have been produced according to the standards of the Assured Dairy Farms scheme. This has been developed by dairy farmers, processors, the National Farmers Union (NFU) and the British Cattle Veterinary Association.

11. © BRITISH NUTRITION FOUNDATION 2012 Red tractor initiative The scheme sets higher standards for: access to nutritious feed and fresh water; spacious and comfortable barns and pastures; the best veterinary care.

12. © BRITISH NUTRITION FOUNDATION 2012 Health concern: mastitis Mastitis is an infection in the udder, caused by bacteria entering through the teat and infecting the mammary gland. It is recognised by reddening and swelling in the udder. Control of this infection is through: hygienic housing environment; hygienic milking; good nutrition.

13. © BRITISH NUTRITION FOUNDATION 2012 Health concern: dairy cow mobility Lameness is a persistent foot or leg infection which impedes dairy cow movement. Dairy farmers focus on preventative care, for example, by greater use of foot trimmers, footbaths and regular veterinary involvement. To reduce lameness, farmers have also improved: tracks and surfaces on which cows stand and walk; lying down areas.

14. © BRITISH NUTRITION FOUNDATION 2012 Health concern: bovine tuberculosis Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a chronic, contagious disease. It is difficult to diagnose the disease early and can quickly spread through the herd before being discovered. At present, the only way to stop infection spreading is to cull infected cows.

15. © BRITISH NUTRITION FOUNDATION 2012 Summary The health and welfare of dairy cows are a farmers top priority. All dairy farmers must ensure the ‘Five freedom’s are met for their animals. Cattle passports, herd health checks, veterinarians and animal nutritionists all contribute to ensuring a good standard of health for the dairy cows. Farmers take steps to prevent and treat common health problems such as mastitis, lameness and bovine tuberculosis. Find our more …

16. © BRITISH NUTRITION FOUNDATION 2012 Quiz Take the quiz. Take the quizEnd

17. © BRITISH NUTRITION FOUNDATION 2012 Question 1 Which one of the following is NOT included in the Farm Animal Welfare Council's 'Five Freedoms’. A. Freedom to express normal behaviour. C. Freedom from exercise. B. Freedom from hunger and thirst. D. Freedom from fear and distress.

18. © BRITISH NUTRITION FOUNDATION 2012 Question 1 Correct – well done! Next question

19. © BRITISH NUTRITION FOUNDATION 2012 Question 1 Sorry, that is not correct. Try againNext question

20. © BRITISH NUTRITION FOUNDATION 2012 Question 2 True or false? Each passport can trace the animal's mother, place of birth and any location movements throughout its lifetime. A. True B. False

21. © BRITISH NUTRITION FOUNDATION 2012 Question 2 Correct – well done! Next question

22. © BRITISH NUTRITION FOUNDATION 2012 Question 2 Sorry, that is not correct. Try againNext question

23. © BRITISH NUTRITION FOUNDATION 2012 Question 3 What is the purpose of a herd health check? A. To identify which cows are ready for market. C. To predict how much milk can be produced. B. To demonstrate the success of the dairy farmer. D. To minimise common diseases and ailments.

24. © BRITISH NUTRITION FOUNDATION 2012 Question 3 Correct – well done! Next question

25. © BRITISH NUTRITION FOUNDATION 2012 Question 3 Sorry, that is not correct. Try againNext question

26. © BRITISH NUTRITION FOUNDATION 2012 Question 4 What does the Red Tractor logo ensure on milk and dairy foods? A. The farms are regularly inspected to ensure the standards are being met. C. The high standards ensure the cow sheds are spacious and comfortable. B. The high standards ensure the cows have access to nutritious feed and fresh water. D. All of the above.

27. © BRITISH NUTRITION FOUNDATION 2012 Question 4 Correct – well done! Next question

28. © BRITISH NUTRITION FOUNDATION 2012 Question 4 Sorry, that is not correct. Try againNext question

29. © BRITISH NUTRITION FOUNDATION 2012 Question 5 Which of the following is not a common health problem that farmers take steps to prevent and treat? A. Bovine tuberculosis. C. Asthma. B. Lameness. D. Mastitis.

30. © BRITISH NUTRITION FOUNDATION 2012 Question 5 Correct – well done! End

31. © BRITISH NUTRITION FOUNDATION 2012 Question 5 Sorry, that is not correct. Try againEnd

32. © BRITISH NUTRITION FOUNDATION 2012 British Nutrition Foundation High Holborn House 52-54 High Holborn London WC1V 6RQ Telephone: 020 7404 6504 Fax: 020 7404 6747 Email: postbox@nutrition.org.uk Web : www.nutrition.org.uk www.foodafactoflife.org.uk