1. CAEP Working Group 3 Emissions Technical Issues Robert J. Shuter Rapporteur WG 3

2. WG 3 Responsibilities F develop standards for aircraft engine emissions F review the methodology for these standards F review measurement procedures F recommend changes to Annex 16,Volume II to the Convention on International Aviation, Aircraft Engine Emissions

3. New Standards Three ICAO principles for new standards are: F Environmental need F Technically achievable F Cost effective

4. Environmental Problems F Ground level pollution F Global climate change (Kyoto Protocol) F Growth of aviation

5. Determining the Environmental Need F Research Focal Points F Focal Point on Liaison F Airport Air Quality Studies F IPCC Report F Kyoto Accord

6. Aviation Technology F Manufacturer’s briefings F 20% improvement in aircraft efficiency between 1997 and 2015 F NOx reductions 30-50% below CAEP/2 limits by 2020 F Emissions reductions from advanced engine technology are not sufficient to counteract the projected growth of aviation

7. Long Term Emissions Technology Goals F a task group has initiated work towards longer term framework of technology goals to reduce emissions F questioning the relationship between ICAO standards and technology development F believe that the development of emissions forecasting tools for aviation is ICAO’s responsibility

8. Regulated Emissions F Smoke F Gaseous emissions: –Unburned hydrocarbons (HC) –Carbon monoxide (CO) –Oxides of nitrogen (NOx)

9. Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 )Standard F WG3 was asked to consider a CO 2 standard F CO 2 emissions are directly related to fuel burn F Fuel efficiency is already high as a result of market economic pressures F Point certification for CO 2 could drive manufacturers to meet compliance for this point at the expense of the overall missions efficiency

10. The LTO Cycle F The landing, take-off cycle includes four phases of flight: modetimethrust –take-off0.7 minutes100% –climb2.2 minutes85% –approach4.0 minutes30% –taxi/ground idle26.0 minutes7%

11. Alternative Emissions Methodology F address requirements for calculating emissions for cruise and climb phases of flight F use performance based procedures F need to define “worst case” certification points F develop method to estimate actual emissions

12. Noise Stringency F WG3 was asked to examine the impact of noise stringency on emissions from aircraft F Generally more modern aircraft are more efficient (High bypass ratio) F Aggressive noise reduction could lead to increased emissions

13. Conclusions Presented to CAEP F Need to review the validity of the existing LTO emissions certification regime F Good progress has been made on alternate emissions methodology and long term goals F No CO 2 standard F No changes to Annex 16

14. WG3 Future Work Program F Review current LTO cycle F Complete AEM task F Develop long term technology goals F Asses technology advances F Monitor atmospheric research F Investigate new NOx standard F Propose production cut-off for CAEP/4 std