1. Bell-Ringer 9/18 What do you know about the earliest known humans?
Please take out 5 notecards

2. Unit #2 - Ancient Civilizations
Please take out 5 notecards
Big Question:
How did it all begin?

3. Vocabulary
Artifacts
a simple object (such as a tool or weapon) that was made by people in the past
The caves in France being explored by archeologists contained many prehistoric artifacts such as pottery and weapons.

4. Hominid
a term used for humans and any species of two-footed animals we are most closely evolved from
There was a time when it was thought only humans were hominids, but it is now believed we are closely related to the great ape, along with chimpanzees, gorillas and orangutans!

5. Paleolithic Age
Part of the Stone Age beginning about 750,000BC and lasting until about 8,500 BC. It was a prehistoric time when man first developed stone tools
In the Paleolithic Era, man used stone as a weapon to hunt the Wooly Mammoth.

6. Neolithic Age
The 2nd part of the Stone Age when people created better tools, discovered metal and settled down into farming communities.
During the Neolithic Age, people discovered farming which gave them the ability to settle down in one place creating villages and societies

7. Homosapiens
a term used for modern humans (from Latin: homo "human being" and sapiens "wise, intelligent")
All people are members of Homo sapiens…for now!

8. Pre – History (prehistoric)
Before the invention of writing – 5000 years ago
So, what do you use to learn about this past?
Scientific clues
Bones
Artifacts
What they looked like
How tall
Food they ate
Diseases they had
How they dressed
Work they did
How they worshiped

9. Early Footprints
Mary Leaky – Scientific expedition in Tanzinia, East Africa
1978 – pre-historic footprints, resembled humans
Determined footprints were made by humanlike creature

10. Early Footprints 1,000 miles north in Ethiopia
Female adult hominid skeleton was found
Nicknamed Lucy

11. Hominids Walk Upright Lucy was a species of Australopithecines
Walked upright
Traveled long distances
Spot threatening animals
Carry food & children
Developed opposable thumb – crucial for picking up small objects, making tools

12. Old Stone Age Begins Pre-Historic era Amazing feats
Invention of tools, mastery over fire, development of language
Paleolithic Age
Neolithic Age
Early Stone Age
2.5 Million BC – 8,000 BC
Oldest chopping tools
Most of this time was the ice age
New stone Age
8,000BC – 3,000 BC
People polished stone tools
Made pottery, grew crops, raised animals
* Language development

13. New Hominids in East Africa
Million y/o fossil in east Africa
2. Fossil named Homo Erectus
“Upright Man”
3. Became skillful hunters & invented sophisticated tools for digging, cutting, scraping.
4. 1st hominids to migrate out of Africa.
- Fossils show H.E. made toosl found in India, China, SE Asia, Europe
2.5 Million y/o fossil found in N. Tanzania
2. Fossil named Homo Habilis
“Man of Skill”
3. Found tools made of lava rock – used to cut meat, crack bones, make survival easier

14. (1) Which geographic characteristics of East Africa may have helped preserve hominid remains?
(2) why were the discoveries of hominid footprints and Lucy important?
(3) How did homo erectus use fire to adapt to the environment