1. ISLAM CE

2. I. Islam Islam= “submission to Allah” Monotheistic
Five Pillars of Islam
Prophets- Muhammad was LAST prophet
Last Judgment
“The unbelievers of the People of the Book and the pagans shall burn forever in the fire of Hell”
God’s will is supreme:
1: 1. In the name of ALLAH, the Gracious, the Merciful. 1: 2. All praise is due to ALLAH alone, Lord of all the worlds. 1: 3. The Gracious, the Merciful. 1: 4. Master of the Day of Judgment. 1: 5. THEE alone do we worship and THEE alone do we implore for help. 1: 6. Guide us in the straight path, 1: 7. The path of those on whom THOU hast bestowed THY favours, those who have not incurred THY displeasure and those who have not gone astray.

3. II. Roots Allah created earth and man/woman in Genesis
Adam-> Noah-> Shem (Semite)-> Abraham-> Sarah-> ISAAC (Jewish faith)
Isaac stayed in Palestine
Abraham-> Hagar-> ISHMAEL (Islam faith)
Ishmael goes to where Mecca would be built
Believed that Moses and Jesus were prophets; Muhammad is the last prophet

4. Mecca caravan routes converge here because of KAABA
II. Roots continued…
Bedoiun nomadic tribes
Bedoiun nomadic tribes
Mecca caravan routes converge here because of KAABA
Bedoiun nomadic tribes
Bedoiun nomadic tribes
Meccan leaders drive out Muhammad and followers.
Muhammad preaches “there is only ONE God”!
Muhammad+followers flee to Medina: HIJRA

6. IV. Division after Muhammad’s Death
Shi’ites/Shia
About 15% of Muslims
Islam’s leader should be descendent of Muhammad
Religious leaders have authority to interpret sharia
Sunnis
About 85% of Muslims
Leaders chosen through consensus of umma: Muslim community
Sharia (Islamic Law) was codified

8. V. Spread of Islam
Under CALIPHATE (successors to Muhammad) conquered area stretching from Spain in west to India in east
Animated map
2. How was Islam able to spread so far so quickly?
Zeal of new converts
Weakened Byzantine and Sassanid territories
Overtaxed peasants and oppressed minorities wanted change
Islam offered attractive prospect of unity in all aspects of life
Everyone EQUAL before Allah

10. VI. Umayyad and Abbasid Caliphates
Umayyad conquests stretch from Spain to Indus Valley (India)
Umayyad falls in 750 because:
Secular in nature
Rebellions from non-Arab Muslims
Shi’ites attacked legitimacy of their rule
Abbasid rise:
More concerned with religion
Moved capital to Baghdad; established House of Wisdom
Abbasid declines in 945 because:
Empire too big
Provinces break away: cuts tax flow to Baghdad

11. VII. Seljuk Turks Animated map
Ruled by a Sultan
Defeated Byzantines in Turkey
Islamic world regressed economically/culturally:
Cities shrank
Irrigation works in disrepair
When Shi’ites/Sunnis fought, government did NOT intervene
Baghdad loses prestige and canals are destroyed
Christian Crusaders take Jerusalem 1099; Saladin retakes Jerusalem in 3rd Crusade 1187