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Do Now What is matter? What are elements? What is the periodic table used for? What is matter? What are elements? What is the periodic table used for?
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Objectives To list the different elements found in living things. To explain what bonds are used for. To determine the different functions of the 4 macromolecules as well as water in the body. To list the different elements found in living things. To explain what bonds are used for. To determine the different functions of the 4 macromolecules as well as water in the body.
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“How Cells Function” Chapter 2
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A. Elements and Matter What is matter? Anything that has mass and takes up space What is matter? Anything that has mass and takes up space
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A. Elements and Matter i. All living and non-living things can be broken down into elements. ii. Elements: pure substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by physical or chemical means. i. All living and non-living things can be broken down into elements. ii. Elements: pure substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by physical or chemical means.
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Periodic Table Information Atomic number- tells us the # of protons (and electrons) Symbol- unique for each element. Atomic Mass- # of protons plus # neutrons Atomic number- tells us the # of protons (and electrons) Symbol- unique for each element. Atomic Mass- # of protons plus # neutrons C 6 12.02
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A. Elements and Matter iii. Each element has it’s own set of properties. Ex: Oxygen Colorless Odorless gas iii. Each element has it’s own set of properties. Ex: Oxygen Colorless Odorless gas
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B. Elements in the body i. Oxygen Carbon Hydrogen Nitrogen Calcium Phosphorus 19 others i. Oxygen Carbon Hydrogen Nitrogen Calcium Phosphorus 19 others
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B. Elements in the body ii. Can be found as a pure element or as a compound.** Compound: atoms of 2 or more elements joined together by chemical bonds. Ex: H 2 O (has both elements hydrogen and oxygen in it) ii. Can be found as a pure element or as a compound.** Compound: atoms of 2 or more elements joined together by chemical bonds. Ex: H 2 O (has both elements hydrogen and oxygen in it)
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C. Atoms Elements are made up of atoms i. Atom: smallest unit of an element that still retains the properties of that element. Elements are made up of atoms i. Atom: smallest unit of an element that still retains the properties of that element.
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C. Atoms Building blocks of matter Contain 3 parts Protons: positively charged, contain mass Neutrons: no charge, contain mass Electrons: negatively charged, insignificant mass Building blocks of matter Contain 3 parts Protons: positively charged, contain mass Neutrons: no charge, contain mass Electrons: negatively charged, insignificant mass + -
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Do Now!! What is a compound? Give an example Name 3 elements found in our body. What are the 3 parts of an atom and where are they located? What is a compound? Give an example Name 3 elements found in our body. What are the 3 parts of an atom and where are they located?
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Objectives To list and describe the different macromolecules found in our bodies. To understand the importance of water in our bodies To complete WebQuest To list and describe the different macromolecules found in our bodies. To understand the importance of water in our bodies To complete WebQuest
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Chemical Reactions Why do we need chemical reactions? ii. Chemical Reactions: bonds between atoms are broken or formed to make different molecules in the body. Broken bonds: release energy Formed bonds: store energy Why do we need chemical reactions? ii. Chemical Reactions: bonds between atoms are broken or formed to make different molecules in the body. Broken bonds: release energy Formed bonds: store energy + ATP (energy)
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Macromolecules Macro= BIG 4 different macromolecules all doing a different job in our body! Macro= BIG 4 different macromolecules all doing a different job in our body!
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A. Carbohydrates Give us energy!! Made up of C, H, O Give us energy!! Made up of C, H, O
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A. Carbohydrates Types of Carbs: Simple: sugars like glucose, fructose, galactose Ex: cookies, candy Monosaccharides and Disaccharides Complex: starches, glycogen, cellulose (fiber) Ex: potatoes, leafy vegetables Polysaccharides Types of Carbs: Simple: sugars like glucose, fructose, galactose Ex: cookies, candy Monosaccharides and Disaccharides Complex: starches, glycogen, cellulose (fiber) Ex: potatoes, leafy vegetables Polysaccharides
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Monosaccharide (glucose) Disaccharide Polysaccharide
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B. Lipids (fats, oils, waxes) Store energy, insulation, protection Made up of C,H,O Contain a glycerol and 3 fatty acid chains Fats are hydroPHOBIC - do not dissolve in water. Store energy, insulation, protection Made up of C,H,O Contain a glycerol and 3 fatty acid chains Fats are hydroPHOBIC - do not dissolve in water.
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B. Lipids (fats, oils, waxes) Types: Saturated: solid fat, BAD FOR YOU , comes from animals Ex: lard, butter, fat on steak or chicken Unsaturated: liquid, better for you, comes from vegetables Ex: vegetable oil, peanut oil, canola oil o Trans: worst type of fat o Mostly man-made o Raises bad cholesterol, lowers good
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Do Now!! What are carbohydrates used in our bodies for? Name some examples of foods containing carbohydrates. What are lipids used in our bodies for? Name examples of foods that contain both saturated and unsaturated fats. What are carbohydrates used in our bodies for? Name some examples of foods containing carbohydrates. What are lipids used in our bodies for? Name examples of foods that contain both saturated and unsaturated fats.
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Objectives To understand why we need protein in our diet. To explain the function of nucleic acids in our bodies. To understand how water provides a medium for chemical reactions in our body. To understand why we need protein in our diet. To explain the function of nucleic acids in our bodies. To understand how water provides a medium for chemical reactions in our body.
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C. Protein Growth, repair, enzymes, transport Made of C,H,O,N, and sometimes sulfur Structure is repeating amino acids Body makes some, we must EAT to get others. Order of amino acids tells the protein what job it has. Growth, repair, enzymes, transport Made of C,H,O,N, and sometimes sulfur Structure is repeating amino acids Body makes some, we must EAT to get others. Order of amino acids tells the protein what job it has.
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D. Nucleic Acids Holds genetic information!! Made up of C,O,H,N,P Structure is repeating nucleotides Holds genetic information!! Made up of C,O,H,N,P Structure is repeating nucleotides
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D. Nucleic Acids Types: DNA: deoxyribonucleic acid (the blueprints for our cells) RNA: ribonucleic acid (helps take the blueprints and make protein) Types: DNA: deoxyribonucleic acid (the blueprints for our cells) RNA: ribonucleic acid (helps take the blueprints and make protein)
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E. Water Chemical reactions take place in water!! Known as the “universal solvent” because it dissolves things. Ex: lemonade, kool aid, etc. Made up of 2 hydrogen and 1 oxygen Chemical reactions take place in water!! Known as the “universal solvent” because it dissolves things. Ex: lemonade, kool aid, etc. Made up of 2 hydrogen and 1 oxygen
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E. Water Makes up 70% of your body mass Cannot dissolve lipids (fats), our membranes are made up of lipids WHY IS THIS IMPORTANT?? Makes up 70% of your body mass Cannot dissolve lipids (fats), our membranes are made up of lipids WHY IS THIS IMPORTANT??
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Do Now!! What is an enzyme? What does an enzyme act on? Why does an enzyme have a specific shape? What is an enzyme? What does an enzyme act on? Why does an enzyme have a specific shape?
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Objectives To define and give an example of an enzyme To discuss the role of enzymes and why they’re important To design our own lab procedures around enzyme action! To define and give an example of an enzyme To discuss the role of enzymes and why they’re important To design our own lab procedures around enzyme action!
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What you should know about enzymes! -Specialized proteins that act as “catalyst” (speeds up a reaction) - Usually end in “ase” -Not consumed in the reaction -Specialized proteins that act as “catalyst” (speeds up a reaction) - Usually end in “ase” -Not consumed in the reaction
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What do they do?
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How do they work? A substrate fits in the active site of an enzyme. This forms an enzyme substrate complex. They then break or form bonds. A substrate fits in the active site of an enzyme. This forms an enzyme substrate complex. They then break or form bonds.
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How do they work? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XTUm-75-PL4
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Enzymes in liver.. In our cells, hydrogen peroxide is produced as by-product: Poisonous Would kill cells if not broken down or removed right away Catalase: breaks down hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen 2H 2 O 2 2H 2 O + O 2 In our cells, hydrogen peroxide is produced as by-product: Poisonous Would kill cells if not broken down or removed right away Catalase: breaks down hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen 2H 2 O 2 2H 2 O + O 2 Catalase
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So ponder this… What happens if we mix liver (a source of catalase) with hydrogen peroxide???
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Do Now!! Socrative time!! Please join room: dd236591 Socrative time!! Please join room: dd236591
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Objectives To review enzymes and what their purpose is To start designing our own experiments! To review enzymes and what their purpose is To start designing our own experiments!
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Let’s brainstorm…
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Do Now!! o What is the goal of the experiments you’re designing? o What are the factors you’re testing? o What is the desired outcome (your hypothesis)? o What is the goal of the experiments you’re designing? o What are the factors you’re testing? o What is the desired outcome (your hypothesis)?
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Objectives To design an experiment on catalase activity To discuss lipids, nucleic acids, and water, and how they affect the body To complete a periodic table review sheet To design an experiment on catalase activity To discuss lipids, nucleic acids, and water, and how they affect the body To complete a periodic table review sheet
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Let’s talk about catalase… Optimum temperature: about 37ºC (98.6ºF)
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Let’s talk about catalase… Optimum pH: around 7.0-8.0
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Do Now!! What are the 4 macromolecules of life? What do we get from carbohydrates? What makes up proteins? What are the 4 macromolecules of life? What do we get from carbohydrates? What makes up proteins?
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Objectives Complete periodic table review sheet Discuss the importance of lipids and nucleic acids To complete a macromolecule webquest Complete periodic table review sheet Discuss the importance of lipids and nucleic acids To complete a macromolecule webquest
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Do Now!! How many neutrons does carbon have? How many protons does chlorine have? How many electrons does hydrogen have? Explain to the person next to you how you determine the number of neutrons! How many neutrons does carbon have? How many protons does chlorine have? How many electrons does hydrogen have? Explain to the person next to you how you determine the number of neutrons!
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Objectives To complete Biochemistry WebQuest. To finish notes on macromolecules. To run our experiments!!! To complete Biochemistry WebQuest. To finish notes on macromolecules. To run our experiments!!!
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