2. Understanding Sexuality

5. Alfred Kinsey set the stage for the “sexual revolution” Kinsey published a study of sexuality in 1948 His work fostered a new openness toward sexuality The “pill” was introduced in 1960, making sex more convenient and providing women with more control over their reproduction. (see map pg. 142) In 1980, a counter revolution began, calling for a return to family values. (see chart pg. 143) The incest taboo – forbidding sex or marriage between certain relatives exists in nearly all cultures. (see map pg. 139)

7. What Gives Us a Sexual Orientation? Anthropologists provide evidence suggesting that sexual orientation is socially constructed. Various kinds of homosexuality exit in different cultures. A growing body of evidence suggests that sexual orientation is innate, rooted in biology.

8. Sexual Controversies

9. Sexual Violence and Abuse Rape is an expression of power. It is an act used to humiliate or control another person. 90,000 women are raped each year. Most rapes include people who know each other. Many victims of date rape do not report the crime. (see pages 150-151)

10. Theoretical Analysis of Sexuality: Structural-Function Analysis Sex allows our species to reproduce. Culture and institutions regulate with who and when people reproduce. Historically the goal was to create more social harmony and to secure reliable bloodlines. Prostitution is one way to meet the sexual needs of a large number of people who do not have ready access to sex.

11. Theoretical Analysis of Sexuality: Symbolic-Interaction Analysis Almost all social patterns involving sex have seen considerable change over time. Different societies attach different meanings to sexuality. The broader our view, the more variation we see in the meanings people attach to sexuality.

12. Theoretical Analysis of Sexuality: Social-Conflict Analysis Sexuality both reflects and creates social inequality. In the U.S. behavior labeled as feminine is often viewed as inferior to male behavior. (ex: crying or being emotional) We might wonder if women would be involved in prostitution at all if they had opportunities equal to men’s? Defining women in sexual terms amounts to devaluing them form full human beings into objects of men’s interests.

13. Discussion Questions In what ways does U.S. society try to control sexuality? What do you think is the most important sexuality- related issue facing the U.S. society today? Why?