2. Plant Taxonomy
Common Names?

3. Plant Taxonomy
Common Names?
Easy to remember and use
Disadvantages?

4. Plant Taxonomy Common Names? Easy to remember and use Disadvantages?
1. One plant may have more than one common name.
2. A single name may refer to many.
3. Some inconspicuous plant may not be given a common name.
Need a universally understood language to describe plants!

5. Plant Taxonomy Phylogenetic Hierarchy: Kingdom – Division – Class –
Order –
Family –
Genus
species -
Carolus Linnaeus 18th C

6. Plant Taxonomy Phylogenetic Hierarchy: Kingdom – Plantae Division –
Class –
Order –
Family –
Genus
species -

7. Plant Taxonomy Phylogenetic Hierarchy: Kingdom – Plantae
Division – Anthophyta, Coniferophyta, Pterophyta
Class –
Order –
Family –
Genus
species -

8. Plant Taxonomy Phylogenetic Hierarchy: Kingdom – Plantae
Division – Anthophyta
Class – Liliopsida (monocots), Magnoliopsida (dicots)
Order – “ales”
Family – “aceae”
Genus -
species -

9. Plant Taxonomy Phylogenetic Hierarchy: Kingdom – Plantae
Division – Anthophyta
Class – Liliopsida (monocots), Magnoliopsida (dicots)
Order – “ales”
Family – “aceae”
Genus -
species -
International Code of Botanical Nomenclature ICBN

10. Plant Taxonomy Carolus Linnaeus 18th C 1. Phylogenetic Hierarchy
2. Binomial
Polynomial
Ranunculus calcibus, retroflexus, pedulculis falcatis, caule erecto, folis comopositis
“The buttercup with bent-back sepals, curved flower stalks, erect stems and compound leaves”
descriptive, precise
Binomial: Ranunculus calcibus L.

11. Plant Taxonomy Indentification?
Find the name of an organism that is already known
Dichotomous Key …..

12. Plant Taxonomy Indentification?
Find the name of an organism that is already known
Dichotomous Key …..

13. Reis Biological Field Station

14. Plant Taxonomy Phylogenetic Hierarchy: Kingdom – Plantae
Division – Anthophyta
Class – Liliopsida (monocots), Magnoliopsida (dicots)
Order – “ales”
Family – “aceae”
Genus -
species -
International Code of Botanical Nomenclature ICBN

15. Plant Taxonomy Classes of Flowering Plants: Liliopsida
monocots - 1 embryonic leaf
adventitious roots, branching
parallel leaf veins
flower parts: 3s
Magnoliopsida
dicots - 2 embryonic leaves
taproot
branching leaf veins
flower parts:2s, 4s, 5s

18. Plant Taxonomy - Field Notebook

19. Plant Taxonomy - Field Notebook
4/9/10
MISSOURI
Andrew Co.
One of 7 plants growing in open light on edge of roadside ditch along the Belt Hwy. just north of St. Joseph. Flower stem one foot tall. Four large pink petals on each flower.

20. Plant Taxonomy - Field Notebook
4/9/10
MISSOURI
Andrew Co.
One of 7 plants growing in open light on edge of roadside ditch along the Belt Hwy. just north of St. Joseph. Flower stem one foot tall. Four large pink petals on each flower.
Buchanan Co. Bluffwoods Conservation Area. Five miles south of St. Joseph, Missouri. East of Hwy. 59.
One of several plants growing together in partial shade along the Lone Pine Trail. Five red and yellow petals, each with a flower spur. About 6 inches tall.

21. Plant Taxonomy - Field Notebook
4/9/10
MISSOURI
Andrew Co.
One of 7 plants growing in open light on edge of roadside ditch. Flower stem one foot tall. Four large pink petals on each flower.
Buchanan Co.
Buchanan Co. Bluffwoods Conservation Area. Five miles south of St. Joseph, Missouri. East of Hwy. 59.
One of several plants growing together in partial shade along the Lone Pine Trail. Five red and yellow petals, each with a flower spur. About 6 inches tall.
A single plant growing in a shaded area near a small waterfall in Kerlin Creek close to the second bridge from the trail head. Five dark blue petals that are bent back. About a foot tall.
4/12/10
KANSAS 4.

22. Plant Taxonomy - Field Notebook

23. Plant Collections Requirements for each Team:
Ten (10) plants correctly identified, pressed and mounted.
An additional 15 plants correctly identified and pressed or correctly identified and photographed (in power point format). This makes a total of 25 plants required at minimum = “C” grade.
“A” and “B” Collection grades will be determined by total number of plant specimens and quality of collection.

24. Plant Characteristics
Plant Organs:
Roots
Stems
Leaves
Flowers
Fruits
Seeds

25. Plant Characteristics
Flower:
Sepals…Calyx
Petals…Corolla
Stamens…Androecium
anther & filament
Pistils…Gynecium
stigma, style, ovary (egg)

26. Plant Characteristics
Sexual Reproduction:
Pollination ---> Fertilization
Seed - embryo
Fruit - ripened ovary; dispersal

27. Plant Characteristics
Sexual Reproduction:
Primitive flower - blending of flower parts; spirally arranged
…………………………………………………….
Carpel - primitive pistil

28. Plant Characteristics
Sexual Reproduction (No. of Carpels):
1. Lines on the outside of the pistil
2. One stigma lobe per carpel
3. Number of locules

29. Plant Characteristics
Flower Symmetry:

30. Plant Characteristics
Inflorescence Type (arrangement of flowers on the flowering stem):
Solitary - one flower per peduncle
Terminal:
Axillary:

31. Plant Characteristics
Inflorescence Type (arrangement of flowers on the flowering stem):
Many Flowered - More than one flower per inflorescence
spike:
Raceme:

32. Plant Characteristics
Inflorescence Type (arrangement of flowers on the flowering stem):
Many Flowered - More than one flower per inflorescence
Panicle:
Much branched
Corymb:
Outer flowers
oldest

33. Plant Characteristics
Inflorescence Type (arrangement of flowers on the flowering stem):
Many Flowered - More than one flower per inflorescence
Cyme:
Middle flowers
oldest
Umbel:
All come of
Peduncle apex

34. Plant Characteristics
Inflorescence Type (arrangement of flowers on the flowering stem):
Many Flowered - More than one flower per inflorescence
Head:
Dense, rounded with many sessile flowers

35. Plant Characteristics
Inflorescence Types

36. Plant Characteristics
Ovary Position

37. Plant Characteristics
Ovary Position

38. Plant Characteristics
Stem - Branch
Bud: an embryonic branch

39. Plant Characteristics
Leaves

40. Plant Characteristics
Leave Position

41. Plant Characteristics
Underground Roots/Stems

42. Plant Characteristics
Woody vs Herbaceous:
Woody -
Shrubs (fruticose)
Trees
arboreous - well developed trunk
arborescent - > 20 ft. tall but main trunk short
Vines- climbing with tendrils

43. Plant Characteristics
Age of Woody Perennials:
Apical Dominance
Age of Branch
Age of Tree

44. Plant Characteristics
Fruit or Pericarp – Ripened Ovary

45. Plant Characteristics
Fruit Types:
Fleshy:
Berry - from one compound ovary
Drupe - 1-seeded, indehiscent; with stony endocarp

46. Plant Characteristics
Fruit Types:
Fleshy:
Hip - cluster on achenes in a hypanthium
Pome - from a compound, inferior ovary with a thick & fleshy receptacle

47. Plant Characteristics
Fruit Types:

48. Plant Characteristics
Fruit Types:
Dry Indehiscent:
Achene - 1-seeded, connected to the pericarp at a single point
Samara (Shizocarp)- 1-seeded winged achene

49. Plant Characteristics
Fruit Types:
Dry Indehiscent:
Acorn - 1-seeded, with a hard coat & surrounded by a cap of hard bracts
Nut - 1-seeded, hard coat

50. Plant Characteristics
Fruit Types:

51. Plant Characteristics
Dry Dehiscent:
Capsule - multiple carpeled, opening in various ways
Follicle - 1-carpelated fruit splitting down 1 side

52. Plant Characteristics
Dry Dehiscent:
Legume - 1-celled, 1-carpelated, splitting on 2 sides
Sillicle (sillique)- short, 2-locular fruit with each half separating from one another with a thin septum

53. Plant Characteristics

54. Plant Characteristics
Fruit Types:
Simple - from one ovary
Compound
Aggregate
from many pistils
Accessory
fleshy receptacle
Multiple
from many flowers

55. Plant Characteristics
Fruit Types:

56. Plant Characeristics Annual - one year or less Biennial - 2 years
Perennial - more than 2 years

57. Plant Structure Coalescence
Connate -
Same kinds of structures coalesce
Adnate -
Different kinds of structures coalesce

58. Plant Structure Coalescence
Synpetalous -
Corolla tube
Synsepalous -
Calyx tube
Apetalous ?

59. Plant Structure Coalescence
Monodelphus - all stamens coalesce
Diadelphus - 2 stamens coalesce
Polydelphus - many stamen coalesce