1. Plant Taxonomy (Systematics)
Naming
Classifying
Identifying

2. Plant Systematics Naming give an organism a precise scientific name
Homo sapiens L.
ICZN, ICBN, ICMN

3. Plant Systematics Classifying organize into groups Primata Hominidae
Homo sapiens

4. Plant Systematics Identifying
finding the name of an organism that has already been named and classified

5. Dichotomous Keys
A series of paired choices that leads to the correct name of an organism

6. Collecting, Preparing and Preserving Plants

7. Collecting, Preparing and Preserving Plants

8. Polynomial Nomenclature
Ranunculus calycibus, retroflexus, pedulculis falcatis, caule erecto, folis comopositis

9. Polynomial Nomenclature
Ranunculus calycibus, retroflexus, pedulculis falcatis, caule erecto, folis comopositis
“The buttercup with bent-back sepals, curved flower stalks, erect stems and compound leaves”
descriptive, precise

10. Binomial Nomenclature
- Began 1753, Species Plantarum
Carolus Linnaeus 18thC Sweden
Ranunculus calycibus
Genus species

11. Binomial Nomenclature
- Began 1753, Species Plantarum
Carolus linnaeus 18thC Sweden
Genus species
same species name
Cercis canadensis L.
Solidago canadensis L. Authority
Rules: International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN)
ICZN, ICMN

12. ICBN Rules Genus treated a noun; species as adjective
suffixes usually agree in gender
Male female neuter
us a um
is is re
er ris o
Lactuca hirsut_
Lathyrus hirsut_
Vaccinium hirsut_

13. Binomials Often describe some feature
Incorporate the name of a person or place
perpetuate a classical name

15. Binomials Quercus alba “white oak” Quercus macrocarpa “burr oak”
All tree genera are treated as female!
Veronica noveboracensis (L.) Michx.
CHANGE OF CLASSIFICATION

16. Linnaeus’ Kingdoms

17. Kingdoms

18. Domains

19. Species
A distinct types of organism capable of breeding with other members of its own kind - but not with other species….
Basic category in biological nomenclature

20. Varieties (subspecies)
Sargent
Quercus alba L. var. alba
Quercus alba L. var. latiloba Sarg.
If Q. latiloba was a new species?
Quercus latiloba Sarg.

21. hybridization Q. velutina X Q. rubra X Q. palustris Echinacea pallida
Echinacea paradoxa
Echinacea pallida X paradoxa

22. Relationship between Genus and Species
Genus - a group of related species
Quercus (oaks) Carya (hickories)
rubra - ovata
velutina - cordiformes
alba

23. Related 1. Have similar characteristics (may hybridize)
2. Have a common ancestor back in evolutionary time
velutina rubra alba

24. Related 1. Have similar characteristics (may hybridize)
2. Have a common ancestor back in evolutionary time
ovata cordiformes

25. Evolution (implied by classification)
Organisms that are placed in the same genus are believed to be more closely related than organisms from other genera.

26. Phylogenetic Hierarchy
Kingdom
Division (Phylum)
Class
Order
Family
Genus
species

27. Natural System
Our present system attempts to group organisms in accordance with natural (evolutionary) relationships.
Homology

29. Natural System
Our present system attempts to group organisms in accordance with natural (evolutionary) relationships.
Homology
internal structures, embryology, DNA, proteins
Analogy
based on superficial characteristics
outward form and function

30. Standard Endings (ICBN)
Division: phyta
Class: opsida
Order: ales
family: aceae
Genus:
species:

31. Taxa Division: Anthophyta Coniferophyta Pterophyta
“flowering “pines,spruces, “ferns” plants” firs”
Magnoliopsida
Liliopsida

32. Classes of Flowering Plants
Magnoliopsida
dicots - 2 embryonic leaves
taproot
branching leaf veins
flower parts:2s, 4s, 5s
Liliopsida
monocots - 1 embryonic leaf
adventitious roots, branching
parallel leaf veins
flower parts: 3s

33. Classification of Burr Oak:
Kingdom: Plantae
Division: Anthophyta
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Fagales
family: Fagaceae
Genus: Quercus
species: macrocarpa
binomial: Quercus macrocarpa