1. Chapter 21 and 22 - Plants

2. 1. What is a plant?
A multicellular eukaryote autotroph that does photosynthesis.
Has cell walls made of cellulose.
Have organs – roots, stems, leaves

3. 2. What is a cuticle? Waxy waterproof covering on stems and leaves.
Keeps water in
Is a lipid

4. 3. From which organisms do scientists think plants evolved?
Green algae in ancient oceans - b/c of the chlorophyll and chloroplasts they both have in common

5. 4. Plants had to adapt to life on land
4. Plants had to adapt to life on land. One way was to prevent water loss. How did they do that.
Developed a waxy coating - cuticle

6. 5. How did they adapt to photosynthesis?
Developed an organ just for photosynthesis – leaves

7. 6. How were their roots an adaptation?
1. take in water and nutrients from soil
2. anchor plant in ground
3. can store extra glucose/starch (food)

8. 7. How do they transport materials?
Have veins called xylem and phloem
Xylem transports water from roots to leaves
Phloem transports glucose from leaves to roots

9. 8. What are vascular tissues?
The veins of the plant – they xylem and phloem

10. 9. What is the difference between vascular and nonvascular plants?
Vascular plants have xylem and phloem
Nonvascular plants DON’T have xylem and phloem

11. 10. Why are vascular plants more advanced than nonvascular plants?
Can live in drier places, can grow larger, can live in a variety of habitats

12. 11. What is an example of a vascular and a nonvascular plant?
Vascular – fern, tree, grass
Nonvascular - moss

13. 12. How is the seed an adaptation to life on land?
Seed=plant embryo + food supply
Outer covering called seed coat protects embryo from drying out
Seeds do not need water for reproduction

15. 13. Not all plants have seeds
13. Not all plants have seeds. How do non-seed plants handle reproduction?
Use spores – no seed coat, no protection from drying out.
Must reproduce when there is plenty of moisture in the environment.

17. 14. Why is being a non-seed plant a disadvantage?
Spores dry out – don’t last as long as seeds
No food supply for embryo like in a seed
Have to live in wetter places – limited habitats

18. 15. Complete the following chart:
Vascular or Nonvascular
Seed or Seedless
Seeds in (if they have seeds)
Examples
Moss
Nonvascular
Seedless
moss
Ferns
ferns
Gymnosperms
Vascular
Seeds
Cones
Pine, spruce,
Angiosperms
Flowers/fruits
Maple, rose, carrot