1. Oil and Oil Extraction Justin Zingsheim

2. Who Became Crude Oil? A)B) C)D) E) All of the above

3. When was Crude Oil Formed?

4. How was Crude Oil Formed? These are often modeled as first order reactions Basically thermal cracking of large bio-molecules Longer reaction times make smaller molecules Important to have anoxic conditions (water column) Temperature window to for crude oil (60 – 160 °C)

5. What is Crude Oil?

6. Where is Crude Oil? If drilled from the peak of the highest mountain, the deepest well would still reach over a mile below sea level

7. Why is Crude Oil There? For a reservoir to develop there needs to be: – Source Rock – Migration – Trap Rock – Seal

8. Drilling 5 to 10 average crew size 24 hour operation Safety features Role of drilling mud Common problem Measurements while drilling Horizontal Drilling

9. Open-hole Logging Standard is information about density, porosity, and resistivity Other open-hole tools Common problems

10. Casing and Cementing Cement – not concrete Many different properties and blends Zonal Isolation Structural reinforcement What problems arise with horizontal wells?

11. Cased-hole Logging Perforating: – Use explosives to blast through the casing, cement, and earth next to the bore. – Finger like projections into the formation – Allows oil to flow Bond Logs: – Determine quality of cementing job using resonance patterns

12. Well Stimulation Coerce the reservoir into producing more oil, faster Hydraulic method – Fracture the earth with up to 15000 psi – Heavy Equipment – Gel and sand mixture

13. Summary and Questions

14. Works Cited http://www.slb.com/ http://www.halliburton.com/ Warner, H. (Editor), Petroleum Engineering Handbook,Volume VI, Ch. 6, Coalbed Methane, 2007. http://www.petroleumonline.com/ Holstein, E. (Editor), Petroleum Engineering Handbook, Volume V(b), Ch. 17, Reservoir Engineering, 2007. http://www.api.org/ http://www.consrv.ca.gov/dog/picture_a_well/PublishingImages/DRILLING-RIGnew.gif Hyne, Norman J. (2001). Nontechnical Guide to Petroleum Geology, Exploration, Drilling, and Production. PennWell Corporation. http://www.petrostrategies.org/Learning_Center/learning_center.htm http://www.geomore.com/images/Jet_Perforating.jpg Mattax, C.C. and Dalton, R. L, Reservoir Simulation, SPE Monograph Volume 13, 1990.