1. The Cold War 1940-1961

2. The Cold War was fought between the USA and the USSR, (The Union of the Soviet Socialist Republic). It was a war of ideas that lasted for over 40 years.

3. Names for the Russian government: USSR CCCP (Central Committee of the Communist Party) Kremlin St. Basil’s Cathedral above, is within the walls of the Kremlin.

4. Dissidents – people who protested against their government. They were often sent to prisons/work camps in Siberia. Defectors – people who were able to leave the country and receive asylum in a free country. Siberian Prisoner – work camps sleeping quarters above.

5. The Big Three met in Yalta to discuss plans for ending World War II. The Big Three: Churchill, Franklin Roosevelt, and Joseph Stalin. The Big 3 Above

6. Stalin demanded the E.European nations of Poland, Romania, Bulgaria, Austria, Hungary, and Czechoslovakia. He said it was a “buffer zone” between the USSR and Germany. Soviet Premiere Joseph Stalin.

7. Countries in Eastern Europe that were controlled by the Soviet Union were called “Satellite nations.” Map above: The Democratic West is in Blue and the Satellite nations and the Soviet Union are in red.

8. Germany would be disarmed and its war industries dismantled. W. Germany would be split between the French, British, and the U.S. Airplane factory in Halle.

9. East Germany would be controlled by the Soviets. Berlin was to be divided in the same manner.

10. Each occupying nation would be allowed to collect war payments from its zone.

11. Aug. 1949 – The Soviets tested their first nuclear weapons US & USSR are the only nations with nuclear weapons

12. Containment- Truman believed communism should be contained within its current borders and not allowed to spread to other countries. Domino theory- if one country is allowed to “fall” to communism, then others will fall to it as well. In the photo above, Pres. Harry Truman is laughing over the headline which is incorrect.

13. Joseph Stalin died in 1953 Replaced by Nikita Kruschev

14. North Atlantic Treaty Organization 1949-1955 United States leads the alliance. 11 Democratic Nations join and pledge mutual defense. Establish a balance of power against the Soviets.

15. NATO Nations around the globe are pictured in blue on this map above.

16. The formation of NATO prompted the creation of the Warsaw Pact in 1955; a confederation of communist nations. Ended with the collapse of the Soviet Union.

17. Warsaw Pact countries are pictured in red on the map above.

18. “From Stettin in the Baltic to Triests in the Adriatic an Iron Curtain has descended across the continent of Europe.” – Winston Churchill

19. This divided Europe into a free and democratic west and a communist east.

20. The US sent food, medicine, supplies, and money to re-build war-torn Europe. The US believed if we did not help them, they would be taken over by the Soviets The red bars represent how much money each country received from the Marshall Plan.

21. The Soviets were trying to take all of Berlin. The US and the UK flew supplies to the people of Berlin for over 11 months.

23. Served from 1953-1961. Ike’s Cold War policy was Brinkmanship and Massive Retaliation. He supported a military build-up President Eisenhower.

24. Brinkmanship- pushing events to the brink of disaster, forcing the opponent to back down and make concessions

25. In 1957, the Soviets launched Sputnik, the first satellite in space. This scared Americans and prompted more spending on Math and Science classes.

26. U.S. spy plane was shot down over the Soviet Union. This caused Kruschev to call off the upcoming Peace Summit. “We will bury you!” Nikita Kruschev

27. The Peace Summit was canceled. Relations between the US and the USSR were strained. The Space Race was on. Spying increased.