1. Injuries caused by Blunt objects. Falling from Height
Lecture 4
Associative-professor
of Forensic medicine course
Valentin Franchuk

2. Definition of Blunt object
The object which can stretch, squeeze, tear and deform a human tissue, resulting in definite injuries (scratches,bruises, abrasions, lacerations, fractures etc.) is termed as blunt.

3. Some kinds of Blunt objects

4. Forensic classification of blunt objects
- objects with flat prevalent surface
- objects with flat limited surface
- objects with spherical surface
- objects with cylindrical surface
- objects with dihedral corner
- objects with trihedral corner

5. Different blunt objects

6. Different blunt object

7. Some kinds of Blunt objects
Dihedral corner
Trihedral corner

8. Abrasion
It is a superficial injury of outer layer of the skin caused due to sliding of the blunt object against the skin

9. An imprint of blunt object in abrasion (patterned abrasion)

10. Healing of abrasion

11. Kind of violence

12. Forensic significance of abrasions
This is the sign of violence
It suggests the action of blunt object
It suggests the site of external impact
Identification of object
Kind of violence
Time of injury

13. Bruise
A bruise is an infiltration of the blood into the tissues following the rupture of vessels as result of application of blunt force

14. An incision across the bruise

15. Color changes of bruise

16. Forensic significance of bruises
This is the sign of violence
It suggests the action of blunt object
It suggests the site of external impact
Identification of object
Kind of violence
Time of injury
Degree of violence

17. Lacerations
These are wounds in which the skin and underlying tissues are torn as a result of blunt forces application

18. Typical signs of the lacerations
Different shapes and sizes
Edges are ragged irregular
Margins are commonly abraded
Abraded margins can correspond to impacting surface
External bleeding is mild

19. Some lacerations on the face

20. A typical laceration of the head

21. A wound caused by blunt object with cylindrical surface

22. Some ruptures of the liver as result of falling from height

23. Bone fractures

24. Fracture of the scull due to the action of limited surface

25. Falling of pedestrian

26. Some kinds of sharp objects

27. Incisions

28. Punctured wounds