1. Public Speaking Public speaking is the process of addressing a group of people in a structured, deliberate manner intended to inform, influence, or entertain the listeners. 1 G. García - Soza

2. Purpose transmitting information; motivating people to act; influencing; persuading; informing; translating; entertaining (story telling) changing the emotions of listeners Interpersonal communication and public speaking have several components in common – motivational speaking – leadership/personal development – business, customer service – large group communication – mass communication – purposes such as motivation, influence, persuasion, informing, translation, or simply entertaining 2

3. What’s it about? Public speaking is all about trying to capture the attention of the audience It includes – stage presence – articulation – eye contact – poise – volume 3

4. Who needs it? – Media people – Corporate and Business people – Public Speaking Domain people – Politicians – Lawyers – Teachers – Students? 4

5. A professional skill Presentations – Business and Corporate Presentations Media Training for Radio and Television – Dynamic Voice Training Facilitating situations 5

6. Main aim is to be understood Keep the message clear. Be prepared. Keep the message simple. Be vivid when delivering the message. Be natural. Keep the message concise. 6

7. A desirable skill In a recent survey of recruiters from companies with more than 50,000 employees, communication skills were cited as the single more important decisive factor in choosing managers. The survey, conducted by the University of Pittsburgh's Katz Business School, points out that communication skills, including written and oral presentations an ability to work with others, are the main factor contributing to job success. 7

8. The communication process Sender Message Encoding: – ability to convey information clearly and simply – on your ability to anticipate and eliminate sources of confusion (cultural issues, mistaken assumptions, and missing information.) – verbal and body language Channel – Messages are conveyed through channels, with verbal including face-to-face meetings, telephone and videoconferencing; and written including letters, emails, memos and reports. Receiver Feedback – Your audience will provide you with feedback, verbal and nonverbal reactions to your communicated message. Context – – The situation in which your message is delivered is the context. This may include the surrounding environment or broader culture (i.e. corporate culture, international cultures, etc.). 8

9. Ask yourself: Who? What? How? When? Where? Why? Who are you speaking to? : interests, presuppositions, values? What do they share in common with others; how are they unique? What do you wish to communicate? How do you know if and when you have successfully communicated what you have in mind? How can you best convey your message? Language is important here, as are the nonverbal cues discussed earlier. Choose your words and your nonverbal cues with your audience in mind. When? Timing is important here. Develop a sense of timing. There is a time to speak and a time to be silent. Where? You may have time to visit the room, for example, and rearrange the furniture. Check for availability and visibility if you are using audio or visual aids. Why? In order to convert hearers into listeners, you need to know why they should listen to you – and tell them if necessary. Be concise. Be brief. Use short words and sentences. Where appropriate, support these with short, easy-to-understand examples, which help demonstrate your message. 9

10. Delivering a Speech Wedding, ceremony, end of the year, bithday, christening 10

11. The language Figurative language is better – to show a person rather than tell them something. – helping your audience understand ideas by describing those ideas to them. – in public speaking, you can use figurative language to help your audience with basic ideas and concepts. Surprise your audience by choosing words or phrases that they don’t expect 11

12. Language tools for public speaking Repetition Rhetorical questions Lists of three Contrast Emotive language Direct address Evidence (statistics, quotations, examples) 12

13. Repetition to add emphasis to their spoken language repetition is common, especially in persuasive speaking it adds a sense of importance to the repeated phrase, word, or idea. Dr. Martin Luther King's "I Have A Dream," speech repeats the rhetorical effect "I have a dream." I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the colour of their skin but by the content of their character. I have a dream today! I have a dream that one day, down in Alabama, with its vicious racists, with its governor having his lips dripping with the words of interposition and nullification; one day right there in Alabama little black boys and little black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers. I have a dream today! 13

14. President Obama also used repetition in his victory speech in November 2008. "but tonight, because of what we did on this day, in this election, at this defining moment, change has come to America." – illustrates how repetition of a single word ("this") can work well in a speech. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/7710079.stm 14

15. Tony Blair former prime minister Tony Blair was famous for making a speech that included the phrase “Education, education, education". 15

16. Speech Example Fellow students, have you ever felt afraid to walk around the school by yourself? (direct address) in a recent survey carried out by the school council, 70 percent of us have been bullied at some time in our life at school. (convincing statistics) The bullies are vicious, violent and vindictive (lists of 3, emotive language). Unfortunately, they are getting away with it. Can this be fair? (rhetorical question) We, the victims, are afraid of wearing the wrong trainers. We are afraid of being too smart or too stupid. We are afraid (repeat ‘afraid’ is effective) of anything that might draw attention to ourselves. The time has come for the fear to stop. The bullies terrify other students, and yet they are cowards (contrast ‘cowards’ with ‘terrify’)themselves. If we pull together we can fight this fear. Join me and fight this fear (‘fear’ repeated) today. 16

17. Assignment Write your own speech using the appropriate language Deliver in class next week 17