1. CHAPTER 15 Science and the Mass Media
Section 1: Science as a Social Institution
Section 2: Mass Media as a Social Institution

2. Objectives: Section 1: Science as a Social Institution
Identify factors that have contributed to the institutionalization of science.
Explain how the norms of scientific research differ from the realities of scientific research.

3. The Institution of Science
Section 1: Science as a Social Institution
The Institution of Science
Science emerged as a recognizable system of study in Greece during the 300s B.C. and was reborn in Europe in the 1300s as a result of the following factors:
The scientific revolution emerged in the 1500s
Industrialization led to the emergence of modern science in the late 1800s and early 1900s

4. Norms and Realities of Science
Section 1: Science as a Social Institution
Norms and Realities of Science
NORMS:
Universalism, organized skepticism, communalism, disinterestedness
REALITIES:
Fraud, competition, Matthew effect, conflicting views of reality

5. Objectives: Section 2: Mass Media as a Social Institution
Trace the major developments in the history of mass media, and identify the types of mass media in the United States.
Explain how the sociological perspectives of mass media differ.
Discuss some contemporary mass-media issues.

6. History of Mass Media Section 2: Mass Media as a Social Institution
Writing and Paper – a written language was needed to record business and other transactions. Paper was developed some time between 3100 and 2500 B.C.
Printing Press – during the 1450s Johannes Gutenberg developed moveable type

7. History of Mass Media Section 2: Mass Media as a Social Institution
(continued)
The Industrial Age – with rising standards of education and increasing requirements for factory work and life in the city, more people learned to read and write
The Computer and the Information Society – the digital computer completely transformed the way people store and access information

8. Types of Mass Media Section 2: Mass Media as a Social Institution
Print Media –include newspapers, magazines, and books
Audio Media – sound recordings and radio
Visual Media – movies, television, videocassettes, and DVDs
Online Media – Internet

9. Sociological Perspectives of Mass Media
Section 2: Mass Media as a Social Institution
Sociological Perspectives of Mass Media
The Functionalist Perspective – focuses on the ways in which mass media help to preserve social stability
The Conflict Perspective – focuses on how mass media serve to maintain the existing social order

10. Contemporary Mass Media Issues
Section 2: Mass Media as a Social Institution
Contemporary Mass Media Issues
Influence on children
Effect on civic and social life
Power in shaping public opinion