1. Early development of phonology

2. Diverse theories of infant speech production, i.e., e.g.:  the universal theory (Jakobson 1941)  the articulatory learning theory (cf. Ingram 1989)  the maturational theory (Locke 1983)  the refinement/attunement theory (Oller 1986) refer their diverse predictions to the commonly assumed stages of motor speech development.

3. Stages of motor speech development (cf. Smith et al. 1995) the earliest vocalizations reflexive (0-2 months) control of phonation (2-4 months) expansion/vocal play (5-6 months) canonical babble (7-9 months) variegated babble and first words (10-14 months) (the prelinguistic stage - up to the first word) and the period of the first 50 words

4. Early development of phonology: production, perception and self-organization AGEMOTOR DEVELOPMENT & PRODUCTION PERCEPTIONSELF- ORGANIZATION PREDISPOSITIONS /REPRESENTATIONS 0-2m reflexive phonation cry cough grunts & sighs [s] /other; sounds/voices; mother/others; intonation/mono -tone; (silence/sound) physiological restriction; discovering the vocal tract perceptual domains difficult to distinguish

5. 2-4m control of phonation (1-4m cooing) cooing sounds; V-like & C-like sounds; syllabic [n]; nasalized V; C-like sounds at tongue-palate contact (  back Cs); strings of vocalizations; vocal learning 3-5m – vocal imitation based on auditory exteroception (hearing ambient language) & proprioception (hearing own language) of Vs; articulatory movement & sound-related visual imitation (of facial movements) at 4m - the vocal tract starts assuming more adult-like form; stored representations (since infants able to improve their production); auditory- articulatory map evidenced (v. preliminary categorization)

6. 5-6m expansion vocal play (3-6m expansion) increased coordination of articulation & phonation (front C's  visual imitation); short/long sounds; marked sounds & sequences possible (since the beginning); onomatopoea up to 5.5m - v. few differences between NH (normally hearing) & HI (hearing impaired); after 5.5m – auditory feedback influences production (more) phonological functions not served yet (rather: vocal & perceptual gymnastics);  extragrammatical phonology pre-phonology 

7. 7-9m canonical babble (5-10) reduplicated babble, repetitive CV's: CV CV (CV)...; mandibular oscillation cycles: close & open phases; CV's – articulation place dependent; general propensity for rhythmical movement perception of close & open phases  CV's perceived & imitated (still universal perception) hand-waving  leave-taking formula figure & ground principle; listener-friendly function; ease of articulation (speaker- friendly function)

8. 10-14m variegated babble & first words (10-18m meaningful speech) b d (preferred stops); m n j w h; left-quadrant V's; complex babble; trochee; segmental & prosodic features of babble preserved in early words; variability in word production; b (preferred among stops) words: CVCV, CVC, (CVC+CVC  ) CVCCV(C),(CV)CCV(C) 7-11m – infants perceive SC (silent centre) /dVt/'s (German) ca.1 year – language- specific perception starts  onset of proto- phonology  segmentation of input into groups (feet, words); vowel harmony [centr]; C-harmony [labial]; trochaic rhythm [stress]; extraction of features/gestures of CV's, later - also for VC's: fortitions (language specificphonotactics

9. lenitions – make articulation of the above easier, e.g. ke  kje; language-specific development of rhythm (segments  writing, "knowing" about phonetic segments) 14m  first 50 words (phonemic perception & production start (?)) (4-and 6-year olds still have problems with phonemic categorization) overproductivity of lenitions; fluctuations (unsystematic application of processes); variability (intra&inter)

10. onset of phonology proper: language-specific phonology starts dissociating from extragrammatical phonology & morphology; regularization ("order") (function-dependent hierarchies of processes)

11. The following sources were consulted when compiling the table: Smith et al. (1995), Bohn & Polka (1995), Clement & Koopmans-van Beinum (1995), Kuhl & Meltzoff (1995), Kuijpers (1995), Davis (1995), Studdert-Kennedy (1981), Kent (1992), Werker & Pegg (1992), Jusczyk (1992), Wode (1994)