1. Typical Speech Development We need to understand typical speech development in order to follow Auditory-Verbal practices.

2. Normal speech development encompasses: Crying Cooing Laughing Vocal Play/Babbling Echolalia Jargoning Words Articulation

3. From birth -3 months you can expect to see a typically developing child: Coo and goo when content Use differentiated cries Vocalize single syllables Blow bubbles

4. From 4-6 months you can expect to see a typically developing child: Use vocal play when playing Use speech like babbling to self and others Babble sounds with p, b, and m (putting lips together) Babble some double syllables Begin to use nasal sounds Make urgent noises to prompt adults to action Vocalize pleasure and displeasure Stop vocalizing when an adult enters the room Coo, cluck, gurgle, and laugh

5. From 7-9 months you can expect to see a typically developing child: Babble with sounds changing to include more consonants – n,t,d,b,p,z Babble with sounds like singing Reduplicate babbling –babababa Imitate intonation and speech sounds Use vocal play with intonation patterns

6. From 10 - 12 months you can expect to see a typically developing child: Vocalize during play Vocalize into a mirror Use a vowel – consonant ratio of 2:1 Imitate intonation and phrase patterns Use first words

7. From 1 – 1 ½ years you can expect to see a typically developing child: Use Jargon Use echolalia Omit final consonants and some initial consonants Be unintelligible except for a few words Use words produced with CV emerge Accurately imitate some words Use twenty-one phonemes

8. From 1 ½ - 2 years you can expect to see a typically developing child: Use more words than jargon (usually gone by 2 years) Ask questions by raising intonation at the end of a phrase Improve intelligibility – 65% intelligible by 2 years Develop words produced with CVC

9. From 2 – 2 ½ years you can expect to see a typically developing child: Use twenty-five different phonemes Use beginning consonants Be 70% intelligible to listeners Omit final consonants Reduce consonant blends Substitute one consonant for another Emergent use of final consonants in words Use lower and more stable pitch

10. From 2 ½ to 3 years you can expect to see a typically developing child: Use some substitutions and distortion of consonants Continue to improve intelligible speech to 80 % Masters consonants: p,m,n,w,h

11. From 3 – 3 ½ years you can expect to see a typically developing child: Use final consonants most of the time No longer producing the phonological processes: consonant assimilation, doubling, final consonant deletion, prevocalic voicing, reduplication, unstressed syllable deletion, velar fronting Mastery of 2/3 of adult speech sounds Use speech which is 75% intelligible

12. From 3 ½ to 4 years you can expect to see a typically developing child: Be intelligible with connected speech Continue to refine articulation skills Master consonants: b,d,k,g,f,v Continue the phononlogical processes after 3 years of cluster reduction, final devoicing, gliding, and stopping

13. From 4 – 4 ½ years you can expect to see a typically developing child: Use omissions and substitutions Be intelligible in connected speech

14. From 4 ½ to 5 years you can expect to see a typically developing child: Use most consonants sounds consistently and accurately, thought not mastered in all contexts Have more errors in difficult blends

15. From 5 to 6 years you can expect to see a typically developing child: Master consonants: ng, r, l

16. By knowing and understanding typical speech development, we are able to target specific developmentally appropriate speech sounds and to provide the listening opportunities to develop those sounds.