1. Diversity of Life: Chapter 3 Lesson 2 Classifying Plants

2. Classifying Plants Non Vascular Plants Seedless Vascular Plants
Seed Plants

3. Non Vascular Plants
Lack vascular tissue (tubelike structures that carry food, water and nutrients) for transporting materials.
Characteristics:
Low-growing- b/c not tissue to support or transport materials
Thin cell wall- so can’t grow more than a few cm tall
No root- has rhizoids- anchors plant & absorbs water & nutrients

4. Non Vascular Plants: Examples
Mosses
More than 10,000 species
Rhizoids anchor the moss and absorb water & nutrients
Grows a long, slender stalk with a capsule at the end
Capsule (cell capable of surviving unfavorable conditions & then growing into a new organism) contains spores for reproduction

5. Non Vascular Plants: Examples
Liverworts
Hornworts
Human liver shape
More than 8,000 species
Found growing as thick crust on moist rocks or soil along sides of stream
Horn-like, curved structures
Fewer than 100 species
Usually live in moist soil or mixed in with grass plants

6. Seedless Vascular Plants
Have Vascular Tissue (Tall)
Can grow tall b/c they can effectively transport materials throughout the plant
Strengthens the plants’ body and gives stability/ also has strong cell walls
Reproduce by releasing spores

7. Seedless Vascular Plants
Two types of vascular tissue
Phloem: vascular tissue through which food moves within some plants
Xylem: vascular tissue though which water and minerals move within some plants

8. Examples of Seedless Vascular Plants
Ferns- more than 12, 000 species alive today
Range in size – tiny up to 5 meters tall
Thrives in shaded areas & moist soil
Some green all year round & some turn brown in fall then regrow in spring
Structure- stems, roots, leaves
Stems- most grow underground
leaves- upward from top of stem
Roots- downward from bottom of stem
Frond- ferns’ leaves- coated with a cuticle (waxy coating) that helps plant retain moisture

9. Examples of Seedless Vascular Plants
Club Mosses & Horsetails
Have true stems, roots, leaves
Few species alive today
Club Mosses
Not true moss b/c have vascular tissue
Found in moist woodlands & near streams
Horsetails
Only 30 species alive today
In Colonial times Americans used to
scrub pots & pans

10. Seed Plants Seed plants 2 Important characteristics
Outnumber seedless plants 10 to 1
We eat them, wear clothes made from them, homes built out of them, they produce oxygen
2 Important characteristics
Have vascular tissue
Have pollen & seeds to reproduce
Other characteristics
Roots, stems, leaves
Most live on land: challenges- standing upright & supplying all cells with food & water (job of vascular tissue)
Giant Sequoia

11. Seed Plants: Pollen & Seeds
Can live in a variety of environments (unlike seedless plants)
Need water for fertilization to occur
Produce pollen- tiny structures that contain the cells that will later become sperm cells
Pollen- delivers sperm cells to egg cells
Sperm cell Fertilizes egg cell SEED develops
Seed- structure that contains a young plant inside a protective covering

12. Seed Plants: Gymnosperms
Gymnosperm- a seed plant that produces “naked” seeds (not enclosed by a protective fruit)
Many have needlelike or scale like leaves
Deep growing root systems
Oldest type of seed plant

13. Seed Plants: Gymnosperms
4 Types
Cyads: in tropical/subtropical
ex-palm trees
Conifers: “cone bearing”
ex- evergreens
Ginkgoes: Ginkgo biloba (last species alive, Chinese & Japanese cared for it in gardens)
Gnetophytes: hot desert/tropical regions, some trees, shrubs and vines

14. Seed Plants: Angiosperms
Flowering Plants
Produce flowers
Produce seeds enclosed in fruits
Live almost everywhere on Earth (jungles, arctic, deserts, ocean’s edge, ect…)
2 types: monocotyledon and dicotyledon

15. Seed Plants: Angiosperms
MONOCOT
DICOT
SEED
1 seed leaf
2 seed leaves
LEAF
Parallel veins
Branched veins
FLOWER
Floral parts in multiples
of 3
Floral parts in 4 or 5
STEM
Vascular tissue scattered in stems
Vascular tissue patterned in a ring around center
ROOT
Many roots spread out
1 main root- tap root

16. Seed Plants: Angiosperms
Monocot Examples
Dicot Examples