1. nationN nationalADJ nationalizeV nationalizationN inter national iz ationN

2. Adjective unAdjective Noun atic system Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hyams. 2011. An Introduction to Language, 9th edition. Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, p. 53.

3.  NEW words / different words  RELATED Meaning, BUT NOT THE SAME (happy vs. unhappy)  Maybe different grammatical category—maybe not

4.  Same word (different tense, number, person/agreement, case) [ usually used in the syntax of the language]  Same basic meaning  No change in grammatical category

5.  To COMPREHEND unknown words when you encounter them  For GUESSING unknown words  To LEARN unknown / new words  To MEMORIZE OR REMEMBER them

6. -ableV+able V  ADJ -nessADJ+ness ADJ  N -erV+er V  N un-un+ADJ ADJ  ADJ -ityADJ+ityADJ  N -thADJ+thADJ  N -enADJ+enADJ  V Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hyams. 2011. An Introduction to Language, 9th edition. Wadsworth, Cengage Learning.

7. 1. Some sound sequences OK, but not used in English (e.g., blick, slarm, krobe) 2. Some derived forms do not exist no unpossible (only impossible) 3. Some gaps / missing word in English lexicon no generic common word for BOVINE (only COW and BULL)

8. permit committransmit -sionpermission commission transmission -ivepermissive commissive transmissive -iblepermissible commissible transmissible in-impermissible (incommissible)intransmissible -al (permittal) committal transmittal -er(permissioner) commissioner (transmissioner) -erpermitter committor transmitter Miller, George A. 1996. The Science of Words. New York: Scientific American Library, p. 109.

9. AdjectiveMeaning uglyvery unattractive uglier more ugly ugliestmost ugly prettynice looking prettiermore nice looking prettiestmost nice looking talllarge in height tallermore tall tallestmost tall Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman & Nina Hyams. 2011. An Introduction to Language, 9th edition. Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, p. 65.

10. PREFIX NUMBERROOT GLOSS SUFFIX CLASS um- SINGULAR aba- PLURAL -i NOUN -a VERB faz married woman -i fan boy -i zal parent -i fundis teacher / teach -i / a baz carver / carve -i / a lim farmer / farm -i / a dlal player / play -i / a fund reader / read -i / a

11. a. Root morphemes 1. chaaha to be tall 2. hopoba to be hungry b. Morphemes 1. -tokpast tense 2. sa- I 3. chi-you 4. —he/she c. ispokni “to be old 1. chisipokni you are old 2. sipoknitokhe was old 3. hoosipoknithey are old

12. a. (1) they weavelalaga (2) they travelsavavali (3) he singspese b. Morphological rule for making third person plural from third person singular verb forms in Samoan: Reduplicate the second syllable from the end.