1. The study of how words combine to form grammatical sentences.

2. Remember the following rules: S NP VP NP ART (Adj) N PN VPV NP (PP) Adv) PPPrep NP

5. Grammatical vs. Ungrammatical Well-formed or grammatical sentence: a sequence of words that conform to the rules of syntax. Ill-formed or ungrammatical sentence: a sequence of words that violate the rules of syntax

6. Grammatical or Ungrammatical: 1. The boy found the ball 2. The boy found quickly 3. The boy found in the house 4. The boy found the ball in the house 5. Disa slept the baby 6. Disa slept soundly Find: Transitive verb (with object) Sleep: Intransitive verb (no object)

7. Syntactic Categories (1) Lexical categories Noun (N) Verb (V) Adjective (A) Preposition (P) Adverb (Adv) Examples moisture, policy melt, remain good, intelligent to, near slowly, now

8. Syntactic Categories (2) Non-lexical categories  Determiner (Det)  Degree word (Deg)  Qualifier (Qual)  Auxiliary (Aux)  Conjunction (Conj)  Complementizer (Comp) Examples  the, this  very, more  always, perhaps  will, can  and, or  that (clause)

9. Indicate the category of each word in the following sentences. a. The glass suddenly broke. b. A jogger ran towards the end of the lane. c. The peaches never appear quite ripe. d. Gillian will play the trumpet and the drums in the orchestra. Det / N / Adv / V Det / N / V / P / Det / N / P / Det / N N / Aux / V / Det / N / Conj / Det / N / P / Det / N Det / N / Qual / V / Deg / A

10. Phrases NP : Noun Phrase The car, a clever student VP : Verb Phrase study hard, play the guitar PP : Prepositional Phrase in the class, above the earth AP : Adjective Phrase very tall, quite certain

11. Phrase Structure Rules NP  (Det) N (PP) PP  P NP The bus (NP) The NDet bus The bus in the yard NP The NDet bus PP in NPP the DetN yard

12. Phrase Structure Rules VP  V (NP) (PP) S  NP (Aux) VP took the money (VP) took NPV took the money from the bank VP took NP V PP from NPP the DetN bank the DetN money the DetN money

13. Example The children put the toy in the box VPP in NPP the DetN boxThe N put S NPVP Det children NP the DetN toy