1. What’s he doing? Where’s he going? Who’s he going with? By Tamara Taylor Intensive English Language Institute University of North Texas

2. What’s a noun clause? n Noun Clause = part of a sentence –a subject –a direct object or –an object of a preposition –an object of a preposition

3. How do you make a noun clause? n Connecting word + subject + verb n Connecting word + subject + verb

4. What are the connecting words? nWnWnWnWhat  nWnWnWnWho nWnWnWnWhom nWnWnWnWhen nWnWnWnWhere nWnWnWnWhy nananana thing nananana person nananana person nananana time nananana place nananana reason

5. Let’s make some noun clause objects! nDnDnDnDon’t forget the pattern: Connecting word + subject + verb

6. Here we go! Connecting word + subject + verb n What’s he doing? I don’t know _____________________ I don’t know _____________________ what he’s doing! what he’s doing!

7. Here we go! Connecting word + subject + verb n Where’s he going? I don’t care _____________________ I don’t care _____________________ where he’s going! where he’s going!

8. Here we go! Connecting word + subject + verb n Who’s he going with? It’s none of my business _______________ It’s none of my business _______________ whom he’s going with! whom he’s going with!

9. Here we go! Connecting word + subject + verb n Why did he leave? No one knows______________________ No one knows______________________ why he left. why he left.

10. Here we go! Connecting word + subject + verb n What does he want? Why do you want to know _____________? Why do you want to know _____________? what he wants what he wants

11. But it’s not all that simple! nTnTnTnThere are more connecting words ninininif nwnwnwnwhether or not nTnTnTnThese words are used with yes-no information.

12. Here we go again! Connecting word + subject + verb n Is she coming with us? Do you know ____________________? Do you know ____________________? if/whether or not she is coming with us if/whether or not she is coming with us

13. Here we go again! Connecting word + subject + verb n Do they always go to the library to study? Do you know ____________________? Do you know ____________________? if/whether or not they always go to the library to study if/whether or not they always go to the library to study

14. Here we go again! Connecting word + subject + verb n Are they friends? Do you know ____________________? Do you know ____________________? if/whether or not they are friends if/whether or not they are friends I really don’t know _________________. I really don’t know _________________. if/whether or not they are friends if/whether or not they are friends

15. Here we go again! Connecting word + subject + verb n Will it be sunny today? Does anyone know _______________________? Does anyone know _______________________? if/whether or not it will be sunny today if/whether or not it will be sunny today No one knows ___________________________. No one knows ___________________________. if/whether or not it will be sunny today if/whether or not it will be sunny today

16. Finally – one last type of noun clause nTnTnTnThere is one more connecting word ntntntnthat nInInInIt is used to state a fact.

17. Here we go again! Connecting word + subject + verb n The test will include noun clauses. The teacher says _________________________. that the test will include noun clauses that the test will include noun clauses I am sure _______________________________. I am sure _______________________________. that the test will include noun clauses that the test will include noun clauses

18. It’s a little more complicated! Connecting word + subject + verb & Logical verb tense sequence n The test will include noun clauses. Yesterday the teacher said ________________. that the test WOULD include noun clauses that the test WOULD include noun clauses He told me _____________________________. He told me _____________________________. that the test WOULD include noun clauses that the test WOULD include noun clauses

19. An important clue! n Watch for reporting VERBS: –say, tell, whisper, e-mail, write, communicate, report, announce, declare, shout, ask, want to know, wonder, think, feel, believe, hope n Can you think of more?

20. Reporting verbs & verb tenses n When the reporting verb is in “a” present tense (any present tense – simple present, present progressive, present perfect), the noun clause verb can be in ANY verb tense!

21. Reporting verbs & verb tenses n When the reporting verb is in “a” past tense (any past tense – simple past, past progressive, past perfect), the noun clause verb MUST BE in a logical PAST tense!

22. Reporting verbs & verb tenses the noun clause verb MUST BE in a logical PAST tense!

23. Reported speech The teacher said, “You will have a test soon.” The teacher said _____________________. that we would have a test soon

24. The director announced, “IELI needs to hire two new teachers.” The director announced_________________. that IELI needed to hire two new teachers

25. The students felt, “We must have more practice.” The students felt ______________________. that they had to have more practice

26. Reported speech: sequence of events The panicked woman told the policeman, “My house was robbed last night.” The panicked woman told the policeman ____. that her house had been robbed the night before

27. Another Way to Say It FACT: Her house was robbed last night. It is true ______________________________ that her house was robbed last night that her house was robbed last night

28. What’s that? That her house was robbed last night is true. That her house was robbed last night is true. Now the noun clause is a subject. Now the noun clause is a subject.

29. Let’s make some noun clause subjects! August is one of the hottest months. August is one of the hottest months. ________________________________ is true. That August is one of the hottest months No one wanted to help us. ____________________________ was shocking! That no one wanted to help us

30. Let’s make some noun clause subjects! Where did the students go on vacation? Where did the students go on vacation? ________________________ is a mystery to me. Where the students went on vacation Who is going to help us? _______________________ is a good question. Who is going to help us

31. Let’s make some noun clause subjects! Is he waiting for us to call him? Is he waiting for us to call him? __________________________ is unimportant. If/ Whether he is waiting for us to call him or not Does she have much money? _______________________ does not concern you! If / Whether she has much money or not

32. What about objects of prepositions? Where will she live? Her parents are worried about _____________. where she will live where she will live What is he doing? We want to know more about _____________. what he is doing what he is doing Where are they going? No one cares about ______________________. where they’re going where they’re going

33. We also say August is hot, but it’s my favorite month. Despite the fact ______, it’s my favorite month. that August is hot She had a party, but no one came. Despite the fact ______________,no one came. that she had a party

34. One more way to say it! Many kinds of clauses can be reduced or shortened. What should she do? She doesn’t know ______________________. what to do what to do How can he make extra money? Tom can tell him _______________________. how to make extra money how to make extra money

35. One more way to say it! Do you know when clauses can be shortened to infinitives? She doesn’t know what she should do. She doesn’t know what to do. Tom can tell him how he can make extra money. Tom can tell him how to make extra money. The subject of the reduced clause must be clear. The meaning is always “should” or “can/could.”

36. Make sentences with these noun clauses. n where she lives n how many sisters you have n why the teacher was late n despite how tired they are n how to drive a car n why she quit her job n when I will graduate n who my best friend is n whom they were talking about