1. Bellringer #3
What do you already know about the Protestant Reformation? Who was involved? When did it begin? What were some of the new ideas?
Write 1 paragraph!

2. The Protestant Reformation
Chapter 14 Sections 3 & 4

3. Essential Questions
What were the characteristics of Northern Renaissance (Christian) Humanism?
What were the chief ideas of Lutheranism, Zwinglianism, Calvinism, and Anabaptism?
What role did politics play in the creation and spread of the Protestant Reformation?

4. Causes of the Reformation
Renaissance ideas (humanism, glorification of the individual)
The Catholic Church after the Middle Ages was weaker (plague, political control)
Printing press (allowed information to spread faster, allowed lay people to read the Bible for themselves)

5. Northern Renaissance (Christian) Humanism
Taken from Italian Renaissance humanism’s study of the classics
Goal was to reform Christendom
Desiderius Erasmus
Studied original Christian texts
Handbook of the Christian Knight – Christianity should show how to live, not be rules to get saved
Praise of Folly (1511) – criticized popes

6. Corruption of the Church
Renaissance Popes (1450 – 1520)
Worried about Italian politics (Papal States)
Financial problems (buying art)
Pluralism
Absenteeism
Indulgences
Sell of salvation
People wanted a more meaningful religious experience

7. Martin Luther Born in Germany (Nov. 10, 1483)
Studied law until deciding to become a monk
Studied the Bible
New idea – justification by faith
Salvation was not through good works, but through faith

8. Martin Luther Selling of indulgences angered Luther
Pope Leo X trying to raise money to rebuild St. Peter’s Basilica
Johann Tetzel
Ninety-Five Theses (October 31, 1517)
Wittenberg, Germany
Attack on the church and the sell of indulgences
Printed copies spread throughout Germany
Pope Leo X excommunicates in Jan. 1521
Diet of Worms-Luther was made an outlaw

9. Lutheranism Translated New Testament into German
Salvation through faith alone (not through the church)
Bible is only source of religious truth
Peasant’s War
Sided with rulers to keep peace
The Peace of Ausberg
The division of Christianity was formally accepted

10. Bellringer #4
Explain what is meant by justification by grace through faith alone.
List three major areas of corruption within the Catholic Church that led to the Reformation.
According to Erasmus, what should be the chief concerns of the Christian Church?

11. Swiss Reforms (Zwinglianism)
Huldrych Zwingli (1484 – 1531)
Like Lutheranism – salvation through faith alone
Different
Wanted a theocracy (church city-state) in Zurich
Zwingli’s forces defeated by Catholics

12. Swiss Reforms (Calvinism)
John Calvin – born in France in 1509
Studied theology, law, and humanism
Wrote The Institutes of the Christian Religion
Predestination – belief that God is all powerful and predestined those who were saved
Geneva – began to reform as a theocracy

13. English Religious Reform
Henry VIII – wanted a male heir
Catherine of Aragon – daughter Mary
Nephew was Charles V of HRE
Asked pope for a divorce, pope denied
Henry turns to Parliament for help
Act of Supremacy (1534) – King became head of English church, not the pope
Church keeps most Catholic traditions

14. English Religious Reform
Henry’s Wives
6 wives = 1 son
Edward VI (sickly, dies in teens)
Protestant reforms put in changes to the Anglican Church
Mary (“Bloody Mary”) – Catholic, burned Protestants at the stake
Elizabeth I – Protestant, Anglican Church
Puritans – “purify” the English church

15. Anabaptists Did not want states to have power over religion
Favored by middle and lower class
Adult baptism, all members equal
Separation of church and state
Would not hold political office or fight in the army

16. Catholic Reformation Society of Jesus (Jesuits) Council of Trent
Ignatius of Loyola
Spread Catholicism
Council of Trent
Re-affirmed traditional Catholic beliefs
Ended selling of indulgences
Inquisition
Censorship
Art
Latin only language to read the Bible
Baroque style – emotional