1. The Protestant Reformation
1500’s Europe

2. The Beginning
1500’s
Educated Europeans influenced by Renaissance ideas
Secularism
Humanism
Wanted change in Catholic Church
Extravagance and hedonism

3. The Issues at Hand Pope Leo X Martin Luther
Trying to raise money to rebuild St. Peter’s Basilica
Authorized selling of indulgences
Martin Luther
German Monk
Believed in Justification by Faith
Church was not ultimate authority

4. The 95 Thesis 95 Theses Against indulgences and corruption in church
Advocated Justification by Faith
Indulgence sales went down
Began to affect the finances of the Church

5. Want Luther wanted/believed…
Developed the idea of justification by faith
Having faith in God’s mercy and love was all that was needed to ensure entrance to heaven
Luther wanted to share this information with everyone – thought the Pope would agree, but the Pope just wanted $$ for his cathedral in Rome

6. The Pope Goes Off Leo X is angered by effect of 95 Theses
Asks Martin Luther to recant his criticisms
Luther refuses
Luther is condemned, excommunicated, and his works are banned

7. Edict of Worms Passed by Charles V and Pope Leo X
German princes meet and try to convince Luther to recant
Still refuses
Makes it a crime to shelter/feed Luther or spread his word
While in hiding, Luther translates New Testament to German

8. The Conflict
A Catholic agent was in town, selling indulgences (get out of Purgatory free cards), giving people guilt- trips
“As soon as the coin in the coffer rings, the soul from purgatory springs” – John Tetzel’s selling slogan

9. Luther’s Protector
Fredrick the Wise

10. The Spread of Lutheranism
Catholicism
Catholicism stresses faith and good works necessary for salvation
Church Teachings necessary for spiritual guidance
Ritual Heavy
Communion, confession, baptism, etc.
Services in Latin
Lutheranism
Salvation by faith alone
Bible, not clergy, is the only source of religious truth
Less ritual
Services held in vernacular (everyday language)
Up for interpretation

11. Protestantism Spreads
Huldrych Zwingli
Leads Prot. Movement in Switzerland
Stresses salvation by faith alone
Criticizes Catholic beliefs/practices
Wants to break from Catholic tradition
Desires a theocracy (church-run state)
John Calvin
Sets up a theocracy in Geneva
Believes in predestination
God determines the fate of every person

12. Anabaptists Adult Baptisms Many were persecuted Branched off into:
Believe that only a person who can make an informed decision should be baptised
Denied the authority of local gov’t to direct their lives
Refused to hold office, bear arms, swear oaths
Many were persecuted
Fled to North America
Promoted religious freedom and seperation of church and state
Branched off into:
Baptists
Mennonites
Amish

13. Henry VIII King of England Wants a divorce from Catherine
Could not produce a male heir
Pope refuses stating church rules
Just so happened that Catherine was aunt of Charles V (HRE)
Henry abandons the Catholic Church
Passes the Act of Supremacy
Forms the Church of England (Anglican) w/ the monarch as the head