1. Televised and Online Technologies Providing Solutions to Healthcare Laboratory Personnel Shortages Rose Leigh Vines, Ph.D. Jane Bruner, Ph.D. Rose Leigh Vines, Ph.D. Jane Bruner, Ph.D.

2. Presenters Rose Leigh Vines, Ph.D., MT(ASCP) Director of Distance and Distributed Education Faculty, Biological Sciences California State Univ., Sacramento Jane Bruner, Ph.D., CLS, MT(ASCP) Dean of Natural Sciences Faculty, Biological Sciences California State Univ., Stanislaus

3. Acknowledgements Jeanne Weidner, Ph.D. Marlene DeMers, CLS,SH San Diego State University

4. Acknowledgements Staff of Academic Technology and Creative Services Staff of Computer, Communications and Media Services California State University, Sacramento

5. The Challenge Address the shortages in laboratory personnel in California partially due to: Recent changes in laboratory healthcare workforce Licensing requirements for CLS Decrease in CSU undergraduate course offerings

6. One Solution Work with other university campuses to offer a license required hematology course Deliver the course via distance technologies

7. Student Population Course offered 5 semesters: 265 students total 144 students were distant (54%) Undergraduate students from 10 CSU and UC campuses Numerous graduates from many campuses who needed the course for entry into a CLS postgraduate internship program

8. Potential Obstacles for Multicampus Course Participation Enrollment issues Examinations Laboratory offerings Faculty/Student interactions

9. Enrollment Process Resident campus enrollment at CSU Sacramento CSU Intrasystem Concurrent Enrollment California State University, Sacramento’s Open University, through the College of Continuing Education

10. Examinations Two midterms are given at CSU Sacramento, CSU Stanislaus and San Diego State University. Faculty on other campuses proctor exams for distance students in their region. Final written and morphology exams are given to all students at CSU Sacramento, CSU Stanislaus and SDSU campuses.

11. Laboratory Offerings Preparatory lab information and morphology are presented during lecture and in WebCT. An 8-hour “wet” laboratory is offered on either Sat or Sun twice during the semester. Labs are offered on both CSU Sacramento and SDSU campuses for all students.

12. Faculty-Student Interactions In-class meetings Studio classroom Two-way videoconferencing Telephone Outside class E-mail WebCT mail

13. Technologies Used for Delivery of Content Video streaming Videoconferencing WebCT E-mail

14. Studio Classroom

16. Video Streaming

17. Continuous Live Streams Media 1 Archiving Server

18. Videoconferencing

20. WebCT

47. Evaluation Instruments Flashlight DDE Student Survey Biological Sciences Student Evaluation of Faculty Evaluation

51. Evaluation Results On-campus overall course rating was 9.03 out of a 10.0 scale Off-campus overall course rating was 9.00 out of a 10.0 scale Similar results in past semesters Negative comments were regarding problems with the video stream dependability Occasional comment requesting more laboratory time

52. Conclusions 1. Success to this approach depends on: pre-planning appropriate technology shared expertise shared resources faculty-student interactions

53. …Conclusions 2. Distant students are very grateful for the opportunity to take courses, and they work hard to succeed. 3. Student performance is not hampered by this approach, and their acceptance into professional programs is not hindered.