1. UNIVERSAL / STANDARD PRECAUTIONS
2015

2. UNIVERSAL/STANDARD PRECAUTIONS
Two MOST important steps in pathogen control/infection control: #1
HAND WASHING
AND #2
GLOVES
WE NEED TO PROTECT OUR INDIVIDUALS…..AND OURSELVES TOO!
WHAT IS THE 2 MOST IMPORTANT WAYS TO PROTECT OUR INDIVIDUALS, OURSELVES WHEN DEALING WITH PATHOGEN CONTROL??

3. UNIVERSAL/STANDARD PRECAUTIONS
#1 = HAND WASHING
SCRUB
AT LEAST 30 SECONDS
SING, COUNT, DANCE, WHATEVER WORKS!
THE FRICTION IS WHAT IS MOST IMPORTANT
RINSE WELL
MAKE SURE HANDS FACE DOWN
IT TAKES CONSCIOUS THOUGHT TO STAND AND WASH YOUR HANDS FOR 30 SECONDS OR LONGER- MOST OF US, ARE DONE- START TO FINISH- IN LESS THAN 10 SECONDS.
TEST ? : REMEMBER IT IS THE FRICTION (RUBBING AND SCRUBBING) THAT IS IMPORTANT.
IN THE ABSENCE OF THE “BEST”– “OLD SCHOOL SOAP AND WATER”– YOU CAN USE HAND SANITIZER (UNTIL YOU GET TO SOAP AND WATER)….BUT REMEMBER…IT IS THE FRICTION THAT MATTERS!
AND BE SURE YOUR HANDS ARE FACE DOWN…IF YOU POINT YOUR FINGERTIPS TO THE SKY AND ARE LATHERING AND TALKING….WHERE IS ALL THAT “STUFF” GOING….DOWN YOUR WRISTS, AND SOMETIMES YOUR ARMS….HANDS FACE DOWN!
WASH YOUR HANDS FREQUENTLY, EVEN IF YOU WEAR GLOVES. WASH AS SOON AS YOU REMOVE YOUR GLOVES – even better, BEFORE PUTTING ON and AFTER TAKING OFF!
IF OTHER AREAS OF YOUR BODY ARE EXPOSED TO BLOOD/BODY FLUIDS, THOROUGHLY WASH THEM AS WELL, IMMEDIATELY WITH SOAP AND WATER.

4. UNIVERSAL/STANDARD PRECAUTIONS
#2 = GLOVES
Good to have gloves in multiple places
You are required to have gloves in all first aid kits….and your emergency supplies
Know if your individual has a latex allergy
YOU ARE REQUIRED TO HAVE AT LEAST ONE FIRST KID IN YOUR HOME AND IN EACH OF YOUR CARS/VEHICLES THAT ARE USED TO TRANSPORT YOUR INDIVIDUAL(S). THEY MUST HAVE GLOVES IN THEM.
AND ALSO, YOU ARE REQUIRED TO HAVE GLOVES IN YOUR EMERGENCY SUPPLIES IN THE HOME, AND AT LEAST ONE EXTRA BOX. I HAVE THEM IN EVERY BATHROOM “THEY ARE EVERYWHERE!”. SOMETIMES THE YELLOW/NATURAL COLORED ONES GET BLOWN UP AND PAINTED TO LOOK LIKE A CHICKEN OR SOME OTHER ANIMAL- THAT’S ALWAYS A TREAT FOR CINDYS- “CHICK-EE, CHICK-EE, CHICK-EE” 
A NEW PAIR MUST BE WORN FOR EACH INDIVIDUAL – NO GLOVE SHARING!
IF GLOVES BECOME TORN, PUNCTURED, ETC. REPLACE ! THE ABILITY TO FUNCTION AS A BARRIER IS COMPROMISED!

5. Why Standard / Universal Precautions?
Because Blood-borne pathogens (HIV, Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, and Hepatitis C) aren’t the only things that can make people sick!
What about flu, TB, colds, infections, other viruses, staph, STDs, etc?
That is why we have to consider ALL body fluids as potentially infectious – OURS and OTHER PEOPLES

6. UNIVERSAL/STANDARD PRECAUTIONS
Potentially Infectious Materials
Body Fluids
Blood
Vomit
Urine
Feces
Vaginal Secretions
Semen
Sputum (MUCOUS, SPIT, SALIVA)
Nasal Drainage
Tears
Wound Drainage
WE WOULD EXERCISE STANDARD/UNIVERSAL/UNIVERSAL/UNIVERSAL/STANDARD PRECAUTIONS WHEN WE ARE HANDLING POTENTIALLY INFECTIOUS MATERIALS CONTAINING THESE POTENTIALLY INFECTIOUS BODY FLUIDS:
BLOOD- CARRIES MAJOR RISK FOR TRANSMISSION OF HIV, HEP B AND HEP C
VOMIT
URINE & FECES – COULD CONTAIN PATHOGENS SUCH AS FLU, VIRUSES, SALMONELLA
VAGINAL SECRETIONS CARRIES MAJOR RISK FOR TRANSMISSION OF HIV, HEP B AND HEP C
SEMEN CARRIES MAJOR RISK FOR TRANSMISSION OF HIV, HEP B AND HEP C
SPUTUM - THE THINGS THAT SOME OF US COUGH UP, “HOCK” UP
MUCOUS, SPIT, SALIVA – IF YOU DON’T WANT INCLUDE THEM IN “SPUTUM” CATEGORY- STILL BE MINDFUL OF THESE…ESPECIALLY IF BLEEDING OR DURING/AFTER DENTAL PROCEDURES
NASAL DRAINAGE – NO TELLING WHAT IS IN THAT YELLOW AND GREEN GUNK- RIGHT? 
TEARS - NOT A MAJOR SOURCE- HOWEVER, EYE INFECTIONS CAN BE SPREAD THRU TEARS
WOUND DRAINAGE - NO TELLING WHAT COULD BE SPREAD WHEN DEALING WITH WOUNDS- DRESSING CHANGES, ETC. ! YUCK!
IT DOESN’T MATTER IF THERE IS “SEEN” BLOOD OR NOT. THERE ARE MANY INSTANCES WHERE THERE IS “OCCULT” BLOOD- BLOOD NOT VISIBLE TO THE NAKED EYE/ ITS HIDDEN OR DIFFICULT TO DETECT. SO, TO ALWAYS BE ON THE SAFE SIDE….

7. UNIVERSAL/STANDARD PRECAUTIONS
DISCARDING
OSHA BAGS – RED BIO HAZARD BAGS ARE NOT NEEDED
DOUBLE BAG
EXEMPT FROM COMMERCIAL DISPOSAL
WHAT ABOUT SHARPS?
LAUNDRY DETERGENT BOTTLES
DO NOT RECAP NEEDLES AFTER USE
HOW DO WE DISCARD OR THROW THINGS THAT MAY CONTAIN THESE BODILY FLUIDS=DISPOSABLE DIAPERS, TISSUES, GLOVES, ETC.
WE DO NOT NEED THE RED BIO-HAZARD BAGS- WE CAN SIMPLY DOUBLE BAG THESE POTENTIALLY CONTAMINATED/INFECTIOUS MATERIALS. I SIMPLY DOUBLE BAG CINDYS DEPENDS, TAKE IT TO THE TRASH CAN OUTSIDE. FOOD LION, KROGER- ANY PLASTIC BAGS, WITH OUT HOLES, PROPER VERBAGE IS “LEAK PROOF” …CAN BE USED.
WE ARE EXEMPT FROM COMMERCIAL DISPOSAL. WE WILL NOT ACCUMULATE MORE THAN 64 PDS IN 14 DAYS OR LESS….THEREFORE, WE ARE EXEMPT.
WHAT IF WE NEED TO THROW AWAY OTHER THINGS, UNLIKE SOILED DEPENDS, WET WIPES, ETC….WHAT IF YOUR INDIVIDUAL IS A DIABETIC- DO YOU HAVE TO GET ONE OF THOSE RED BIO-HAZARD BOXES LIKE YOU SEE IN DOCTORS OFFICES, HOSPITALS, ETC.? NO. YOU CAN USE A HEAVY, STURDY, NON CRUSHABLE CONTAINER….LIKE A LAUNDRY DETERGENT BOTTLE- TIDE, GAIN, ETC. AND PLACE YOUR NEEDLES IN THERE. LABEL IT “STICKS/SHARPS” OR SOMETHING TO IDENTIFY IT … AND THEN YOU CAN JUST PLACE THAT IN THE TRASH TOO. TEST ? - DO YOU RECAP A NEEDLE AFTER USE? NO
IT IS ALWAYS A GOOD IDEA TO KNOW YOUR CITY/TOWNS ORDINANCE REGULATING THE DISPOSAL OF SHARPS, ETC. CHECK WITH YOUR LOCAL DPT. OF SANITATION ON THEIR REGULATIONS TO BE 100% POSITIVE.
EASY ENOUGH?
MAKE SENSE?

8. UNIVERSAL/STANDARD PRECAUTIONS
CLEANING SOLUTION
BLEACH AND WATER
1:10 = 1 part bleach : 10 part water
Make sure you have a spray bottle
Only mix up what you need
REPLACE EVERY 24 HOURS
LOCK UP BOTH YOUR BLEACH & THIS SOLUTION
This is the same solution you will use on ALL your food prep surfaces
SO IF YOU HAVE DISCARDED THOSE MENTIONED THINGS…HOW DO YOU GO ABOUT CLEANING UP WHATS LEFT?? “THE APPROVED AND RECOMMENDED CLEANING SOLUTION USED TO CLEAN AND DISINFECT POTENTIALLY CONTAMINATED OR INFECTIOUS MATERIALS?”
BLEACH AND WATER
1:10 = 1 part bleach : 10 part water
IF YOU USE THIS SOLUTION BEFORE AND AFTER EACH FOOD PREP- AND AT ANY OTHER TIMES, YOU WILL FIND THAT YOU WILL USE A LOT OF THIS STUFF!!
IF MIXED PROPERLY, IT WILL NOT RUIN YOUR COUNTERS. IT WILL UNDOUBTLY BE THE CHEAPEST CLEANING SOLUTION YOU WILL USE. PLUS, THERE ARE SCENTED AND SCENT FREE BLEACHES FOR YOUR LIKING.
GRANDMA ALWAYS SAID “IF IT DOESN’T SMELL LIKE CLOROX, IT AINT CLEAN”- SO YOU WILL BE KILLING 2 BIRDS WITH 1 STONE. PROPERLY CLEANING YOUR SURFACES AND FOLLOWING GRANDMA’S ADVICE 
NOW…A COMMON QUESTION- WILL CLOROX CLEAN-UP, CLOROX WIPES, LYSOL, ETC. DO THE SAME JOB- NO. THIS IS THE ONLY APPROVED CLEANING SOLUTION ACCORDING TO LICENSING. YOU CAN USE OTHER STUFF…..DOESNT MEAN TO SAY IT CANT BE IN THE HOUSE… I LIKE THE SMELL OF PINE-SOL- BUT YOU BETTER BELIEVE IF I AM EVER ASKED FROM ANYONE, LICENSING, ETC. MY ANSWER WILLL BE :
¼ CUP OF BLEACH :1 GALLON OF WATER
IT REDUCES DOWN FOR YOU SPRAY BOTTLE USERS TO BE
1 TBLSP. : 1 QUART OF WATER
BE SURE TO STERILIZE AND DISINFECT ANY AND ALL EQUIPMENT OR ANY OTHER SURFACES THAT MAY HAVE BEEN CONTAMINITATED WITH THE INDIVIDUALS BLOOD OR BODY FLUIDS.
CLEAN PROMPTLY AND SOAK FOR 10 MINUTES – 1:10 RATIO. = 1 PART BLEACH:9 PARTS WATER.
DISINFECT NON DISPOSABLE SUPPLIES- MOPS/SPONGES TOO! DON’T FORGET THEM!!

9. Tuberculosis (TB) It is a BACTERIA
It is an AIRBORNE bacteria
When you have been affected, you Cough or sneeze
Droplets of sputum or mucus in air are breathed in by others
Enters our body through our MOUTH and NOSE
It is a BACTERIA
AFFECTS and damages our LUNGS and other body parts
TENDS to HAPPEN in OUTBREAKS
Why????
Often spread through daily contact

10. UNIVERSAL/STANDARD PRECAUTIONS
Tuberculosis (TB) – Symptoms
Bad cough – lasts longer than 2 weeks
Coughing up blood or sputum
Weakness or fatigue
Weight loss
No appetite
Chills
Fever
Sweating at nite

11. UNIVERSAL/STANDARD PRECAUTIONS
Tuberculosis (TB) - Latent
Caused when people breathe in TB bacteria
Body IS ABLE to fight
TB becomes inactive
Usually feel "good”
Tuberculosis (TB) – Latent
Caused when people breathe in TB bacteria – occurs when people breathe in TB bacteria and become infected
Body IS ABLE to fight – able to fight the bacteria to stop them from growing
TB becomes inactive – is inactive, but remains alive in the body (dormant) and could become active later
Usually feel “good” – usually people have no symptoms, do not feel sick, cant spread TB to others, usually have a positive skin test infection, and can develop TB disease later in life, if they do not receive treatment for latent TB infection

12. FLU Best ways to protect from flu: Annual vaccinations Hand-washing
Cleaning with bleach solution
Don’t forget telephones, door handles, faucet knobs/handles, refrigerator door handles, etc.
Covering nose and/or mouth when sneeze or cough (into tissue is best, but into elbow or upper arm in a pinch)
Avoid direct contact (ex. Shaking hands) with people who are coughing or sneezing or have been sick to their stomach)

13. Persons at high risk of developing flu –related complications
Children younger than 5, but especially children younger than 2 years old
Adults 65 years of age and older
Pregnant women
Also, American Indians and Alaskan Natives  [1.1 MB, 2 pages] seem to be at higher risk of flu complications
People who have medical conditions including:
Asthma
Neurological and neurodevelopmental conditions [including disorders of the brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerve, and muscle such as cerebral palsy, epilepsy (seizure disorders), stroke, intellectual disability (mental retardation), moderate to severe developmental delay, muscular dystrophy, or spinal cord injury]. (Hint: The people we SUPPORT)

14. Individuals at high risk for flu-related complications continued…
Chronic lung disease (such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD] and cystic fibrosis)
Heart disease (such as congenital heart disease, congestive heart failure and coronary artery disease)
Blood disorders (such as sickle cell disease)
Endocrine disorders (such as diabetes mellitus)
Kidney disorders
Liver disorders
Metabolic disorders (such as inherited metabolic disorders and mitochondrial disorders)
Weakened immune system due to disease or medication (such as people with HIV or AIDS, or cancer, or those on chronic steroids)
People younger than 19 years of age who are receiving long-term aspirin therapy
People who are morbidly obese (Body Mass Index, or BMI, of 40 or greater)

15. Symptoms of flu: people may have SOME or ALL of these symptoms:
fever*
cough
sore throat
runny or stuffy nose
body aches
headache
chills
fatigue
sometimes diarrhea and vomiting
*It's important to note that not everyone with flu will have a fever.

16. How to Care for Flu
Most people with the flu have mild illness and do not need medical care or antiviral drugs. If you get sick with flu symptoms, in most cases, you should stay home and avoid contact with other people except to get medical care.
If, however, you have symptoms of flu and are in a high risk group, are very sick or worried about your illness, contact your health care provider (doctor, physician’s assistant, etc.).

17. Certain people are at greater risk of serious flu- related complications (including young children, elderly persons, pregnant women and people with certain long-term medical conditions) and this is true both for seasonal flu and novel flu virus infections. (For a full list of people at higher risk of flu-related complications, see People at High Risk of Developing Flu–Related Complications).
If you are in a high risk group and develop flu symptoms, it’s best for you to contact your doctor. Remind them about your high risk status for flu.
Health care providers will determine whether influenza testing and possible treatment are needed. Your doctor may prescribe antiviral drugs that can treat the flu. These drugs work better for treatment the sooner they are started.

18. EMERGENCY WARNING SIGNS for adults
Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath
Pain or pressure in the chest or abdomen
Sudden dizziness
Confusion
Severe or persistent vomiting
Flu-like symptoms that improve but then return with fever and worse cough
GO TO THE ER

19. 5 steps to take if you get the flu
Stay at home and rest.
Avoid close contact with well people in your house so you won’t make them sick.
Drink plenty of water and other clear liquids to prevent fluid loss (dehydration).
Treat fever and cough with medicines you can buy at the store. Make sure you have an order for an individual receiving services
If you get very sick, are pregnant, or have a medical condition that puts you at high risk of flu-related complications (like asthma, diabetes, or heart disease), call your doctor. You might need antiviral drugs to treat flu.

21. How long should I stay home?
The CDC (Center for Disease Control) recommends that people stay home for at least 24 hours after their fever is gone except to get medical care or other necessities. The fever should be gone without the use of a fever-reducing medicine.