1. 1 Case Discussions & Review

2. 2 Things to know… What is first aid? What is first aid? What do you do is someone refuses help? What do you do is someone refuses help? Steps of Primary Survey? Steps of Primary Survey? What to do after an emergency is over? What to do after an emergency is over? Heartsaver First Aid— First Aid Basics

3. 3 Case 1 A custodial worker begins to clean the office. While dusting, he begins to have trouble breathing. You tell him that you know first aid and ask if you can help. You tell him that you know first aid and ask if you can help. He says he needs help and tells you that he has asthma and has an inhaler in his coat pocket, which is on his cart. He says he needs help and tells you that he has asthma and has an inhaler in his coat pocket, which is on his cart. What should you do now? Heartsaver First Aid— Medical Emergencies

4. 4 First Aid Actions What are the signs of trouble breathing? What are the signs of trouble breathing? Bring inhaler and stay with him Bring inhaler and stay with him Phone for help if: Phone for help if: –Trouble breathing after using inhaler –No inhaler –Becomes unresponsive

5. 5 Case 2 You are in the cafeteria and see a co-worker looking frightened and having trouble breathing. You tell her that you know first aid and ask if you can help. You tell her that you know first aid and ask if you can help. The co-worker nods and says, “I’m allergic to peanuts.” The co-worker nods and says, “I’m allergic to peanuts.” What should you do now? Heartsaver First Aid— Medical Emergencies

6. 6 First Aid Actions What are the signs of a severe allergic reaction? What are the signs of a severe allergic reaction? Phone for help; get first aid kit Phone for help; get first aid kit Ask if they have epi-pen Ask if they have epi-pen –Get the pen and help her use it if state and company approves it –No pen, stay with her until EMS arrives

7. 7 Case 3 You are in a restaurant when a women jumps up and grabs her throat. You rush over to her. What should you do now? Heartsaver First Aid— Medical Emergencies

8. 8 First Aid Actions What questions do you ask? What questions do you ask? What do you look for in infants? What do you look for in infants? How do you help? How do you help? How long do you help? How long do you help?

9. 9 Case 4 A co-worker complains of being tired and having chest pain. You tell him that you know first aid and ask if you can help. You tell him that you know first aid and ask if you can help. He nods and says, “It’s nothing. It’s probably something I ate.” He nods and says, “It’s nothing. It’s probably something I ate.” You notice that he is sweating and is breathing fast. You tell him that you are going to get help, but he says not to bother, it will pass. You notice that he is sweating and is breathing fast. You tell him that you are going to get help, but he says not to bother, it will pass. What should you do now? Heartsaver First Aid— Medical Emergencies

10. 10 First Aid Actions Other signs of a possible heart attack? Other signs of a possible heart attack? Have them sit or lie down Have them sit or lie down Phone or send someone for help Phone or send someone for help –Get first aid kit and AED Stay with co-worker; becomes unresponsive, be ready to give CPR and use of AED Stay with co-worker; becomes unresponsive, be ready to give CPR and use of AED

11. 11 Other related issue… Cardiac arrest? Cardiac arrest?

12. 12 Case 5 You walk into your boss ’ s office and see that he has his head on the desk. You run over and shout “Are you OK?” He lifts his head and mumbles something. He is sleepy and confused. You run over and shout “Are you OK?” He lifts his head and mumbles something. He is sleepy and confused. You see that he is breathing normally, and you find that he has a medical bracelet that states that he is a diabetic. You see that he is breathing normally, and you find that he has a medical bracelet that states that he is a diabetic. What should you do now? Heartsaver First Aid— Medical Emergencies

13. 13 First Aid Actions Give sugar by mouth if he can swallow (give soda, fruit juice, or pack of sugar) NO artificial sweeteners or diet products Give sugar by mouth if he can swallow (give soda, fruit juice, or pack of sugar) NO artificial sweeteners or diet products Lie or sit down Lie or sit down Can’t swallow or does not feel better after sugar intake or becomes unresponsive, phone for help Can’t swallow or does not feel better after sugar intake or becomes unresponsive, phone for help

14. 14 Case 6 You are talking to your foreman when he suddenly begins to slur his speech. His right arm falls to his side, and he slumps down. What should you do now? Heartsaver First Aid— Medical Emergencies

15. 15 First Aid Actions Check area for safety; May have to help him lie down Check area for safety; May have to help him lie down Phone for help and get first aid kit Phone for help and get first aid kit If goes unresponsive, start CPR or AED use If goes unresponsive, start CPR or AED use

16. 16 Case 7 You are working on the assembly line when there is a commotion. You see one of the employees lying on the ground. Her arms and legs are shaking violently. What should you do now? Heartsaver First Aid— Medical Emergencies

17. 17 First Aid Actions Area must be safe; move furniture or other objects in the way Area must be safe; move furniture or other objects in the way Place towel or pad under victim’s head Place towel or pad under victim’s head Phone for help Phone for help Wait for seizure to stop Wait for seizure to stop DO NOT put anything in the mouth DO NOT put anything in the mouth DO NOT hold the victim down DO NOT hold the victim down

18. 18 Case 8 A dockworker is unloading a truck and gets hit in the stomach by a heavy crate. When you arrive he is on the ground in pain. You tell him that you know first aid and ask if you can help. He nods. You tell him that you know first aid and ask if you can help. He nods. You make sure the area is safe. He is responsive and is breathing normally.You make sure the area is safe. He is responsive and is breathing normally. You look and see no bleeding. You ask what hurts and he points to his stomach. He You look and see no bleeding. You ask what hurts and he points to his stomach. He begins to shiver and becomes confused. begins to shiver and becomes confused. What should you do now? Heartsaver First Aid— Medical Emergencies

19. 19 First Aid Actions Phone for help Phone for help Keep victim still and lying down Keep victim still and lying down No leg injury – raise feet 12 inches No leg injury – raise feet 12 inches Cover with a blanket Cover with a blanket Signs of shock Signs of shock –Feels cold and shivering, feels weak, faint, or dizzy, confused or agitated, vomiting, thirsty

20. 20 Fainting Why might it happen? Why might it happen? What to do to help? What to do to help?

21. 21 Case 1 You bring the First Aid Kit when you are called to help someone who has been cut by a piece of machinery at work. What should you do now? Heartsaver First Aid— Injury Emergencies

22. 22 First Aid Actions Put on PPE Put on PPE Stop bleeding with pressure Stop bleeding with pressure Elevation if that doesn’t help Elevation if that doesn’t help Remove soaked gauze? Remove soaked gauze?

23. 23 Other bleeding issues… -Nosebleeds -Cuts to the Mouth -Puncture Wounds -Amputations Heartsaver First Aid— Injury Emergencies

24. 24 Head and Spine Injuries When are the only two times we want to move a victim? When are the only two times we want to move a victim? Signs of a head/spine injury Signs of a head/spine injury Main points to a Roll Turn Main points to a Roll Turn Heartsaver First Aid— Injury Emergencies

25. 25 Case 3 You bring the First Aid Kit when you are called to help a co-worker who has fallen down the stairs. You find the woman sitting on the stair landing, holding her arm against her body and moaning. She says, “I think it ’ s broken.” You tell the woman that you know first aid You tell the woman that you know first aid and ask if you can help. She nods. What should you do now? Heartsaver First Aid— Injury Emergencies

26. 26 First Aid Actions Look for any open wounds – cover with clean dressing Look for any open wounds – cover with clean dressing Check for shock and treat if need be Check for shock and treat if need be DO NOT try to straighten the injured arm DO NOT try to straighten the injured arm Place a plastic bag filled with ice over a towel on injured area – on for 15 off for 5 Place a plastic bag filled with ice over a towel on injured area – on for 15 off for 5 Call for help if victim can’t move Call for help if victim can’t move

27. 27 Case 4 You are asked to give first aid to a plant worker who was burned by a steam jet. When you reach the area, you see a worker with a reddened area on her arm and hand. You introduce yourself and say that you know first aid and ask if you can help. She nods. You introduce yourself and say that you know first aid and ask if you can help. She nods. What should you do now? Heartsaver First Aid— Injury Emergencies

28. 28 First Aid Actions Check area for safety Check area for safety Cool burn with cold water – hold it under the water for 15-20 minutes Cool burn with cold water – hold it under the water for 15-20 minutes Cover with dry, non-sticky sterile or clean dressing Cover with dry, non-sticky sterile or clean dressing Do not put fat, mayo, or other home remedies on the burn Do not put fat, mayo, or other home remedies on the burn When should we seek medical attention? When should we seek medical attention? How can you tell the difference in the degree of burns? How can you tell the difference in the degree of burns?

29. 29 Case 5 You bring the First Aid Kit when you are called to help a worker who was “shocked” when he was repairing a piece of equipment. You find the man on the ground near the equipment. He does not move. Several other workers are nearby. What should you do now? Heartsaver First Aid— Injury Emergencies

30. 30 First Aid Actions Be sure area is safe. Stay away from electrical source Be sure area is safe. Stay away from electrical source Phone for help and get AED Phone for help and get AED DO NOT touch the victim if he/she is still in contact with power source DO NOT touch the victim if he/she is still in contact with power source Check ABC’s once scene is safe – CPR if necessary Check ABC’s once scene is safe – CPR if necessary DO NOT move the victim DO NOT move the victim Fire??? Clothing and Jewelry? Fire??? Clothing and Jewelry?

31. 31 What to know??? Effective chest compressions Effective chest compressions Skills in order Skills in order When to call 911? When to call 911? Main differences between pediatrics and adults? Main differences between pediatrics and adults? Chains of Survival for both? Chains of Survival for both? Hand placement for CPR Hand placement for CPR All ratios and depths All ratios and depths Choking skill on baby Choking skill on baby Heartsaver First Aid— CPR

32. 32 What to know… Why use quickly? Why use quickly? Special Situations? Special Situations? Triple “P” Double “C” Triple “P” Double “C” Heartsaver First Aid— AED

33. 33 Poisonings, chemical spills Poisonings, chemical spills Heat-related illnesses Heat-related illnesses –Frostbite, hypothermia, heat stroke Insect and animal bites Insect and animal bites –rabid animals Snake bites Snake bites –wrap on coral snakebites Ticks Ticks Heartsaver First Aid— Environmental