1. French and Indian War

2. Objective #1
Trace the growth of a North American rivalry between England and France through the colonial wars, including the Seven Years’ War and culminating in the Treaty of Paris (1763).

3. Objective #2
Explain how the series of wars with France helped foster greater unity among the British colonies.

4. Objective #3
Explain how the North American political and military events were affected by developments on the larger European stage.

5. Objective #4
Explain how and why the French and Indian War became one of the causes of the American Revolution.

6. Anglo-French Rivalry
France established “New France” from Hudson Bay to Gulf of Mexico; Appalachian Mountains to Rocky Mts.
Jolliette and Marquette explored Mississippi and Missouri Rivers
Rene Robert de LaSalle made it to Gulf of Mexico (canoeing down Miss. R.)
England saw Catholic New France as a challenge to their mission and economic competition

7. North America in 1750

8. French and English Clash
King William’s War ( )
Queen Anne’s War ( )
Peace of Utrecht (1713)
European war spilled into colonies
Native Americans mostly sided with French--fur trade, better treatment
Fighting meant higher taxes and inflation in colonies
Led to decades of salutary neglect

9. Westward Expansion
Despite population growth, English colonies confined to east of Appalachian Mountains
Need for more land
England coveted the Ohio Valley

10. The Ohio Valley in 1750s

11. Changes for Native Americans
European contact meant:
European weaponry and acculturation changed purpose of hunting (survival to riches)
Intensified tribal warfare
Increased frustration with colonists

12. French Goals for colonization
Connect Canada with Gulf of Mexico
Keep English colonists pinned against coast
“New France” still the goal
French set up military outposts in Ohio River Valley to halt English movement westward

13. Importance of New Orleans
Miss R. runs into Gulf of Mexico
Control of New Orleans is paramount
Growth of plantation slavery in N.O.

14. England needs Money
Glorious Revolution, war in Europe left England economically hurting
Want colonists to help pay fair share (mercantilism)
Tougher enforcement of Navigation Acts
Limits on foreign trade
Molasses Act of 1733

15. English colonists move west
Colonists begin moving westward
Challenge to French interests
1754: Lt. Col. George Washington sent to expel French out of Ft. Duquesne
Loss meant unofficial war with France

16. Albany Plan of Union (1754) Bring colonies together for defense
Only 7 of 13 attend
Tried to influence Natives to side with them
Bolster unity and defend itself against France
Albany Plan was unanimously approved by delegates
Individual colonies and Britain rejected the plan

17. 1755: Ft. Duquesne, pt. II
General Edward Braddock (w/Washington) attacks and loses again
Braddock was commander of all English troops
Braddock dies
England formally declares war on France in 1756

18. Early in the war France dominated first 2 years
Native Americans sided with France
Braddock’s death and England’s losses motivated Native Americans
England attempted to unionize to fight with formation of Albany Congress

19. William Pitt Becomes prime minister in 1757
40,000 troops sent to colonies
Goal: Conquer Canada and expel French
1758: Capture St. Lawrence River
Iroquois form alliance with England

20. Battle of Quebec (1759) English captures Montreal in 1760
Natives bailing on French
War effectively over by 1760 in colonies
Treaty of Paris (1763) ends war

21. Treaty of Paris (1763)
France cedes Canada and all territory east of Mississippi River
France gave Louisiana to Spain to compensate them for their alliance during the war.
Spain gives Florida to England

22. North America in 1763

23. Proclamation of 1763
Ottawa Chief Pontiac attacks English outposts in Detroit
Concern over control of colonists if they spread out
Proc. Of 1763: land west of Appalachian Mountains reserved for Native Americans
No settlers west of Appalachian Mountains

24. Results of French and Indian War
Strengthened colonial economy and confidence
Heavy taxes and human toll
War trained military and political leaders of American Revolution
No longer needed English protection
Barriers against unity begin to be removed
Colonists wanted rights of Englishmen but not the duties or responsibilities