2. Art and Literature of the Renaissance

3. Classical Influences

4. During the Renaissance, artists returned to the classical principles of Greek and Roman art.

5. Greek art stressed harmony and balance, while Roman art emphasized realism.

6. Donatello’s graceful and realistic sculpture of King David influenced later artists of the Italian Renaissance.

7. Brunelleschi championed an architecture based on mathematics, proportion, and perspective.

8. Michelangelo Buonarroti would later use the engineering principles developed by Brunelleschi to design St. Peter’s Cathedral in Rome.

9. New Techniques in Art

10. The artist Giotto used shadings of dark and light to add a feeling of space to his paintings.

11. The artists Masaccio and Brunelleschi developed the rules of perspective, which give paintings a sense of depth.

12. Great Italian Artists

13. Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) painter, sculptor, architect, engineer, and scientist contributed to our knowledge of anatomy, optics, and hydraulics

14. He used the knowledge gained from dissecting cadavers to paint human figures more realistically.

15. “When you are finished, please return your trays to the cafeteria.”

16. Da Vinci was interested in how things worked and used his study of birds to draw flying machines.

17. Michelangelo (1475-1564) sculptor, painter, architect, and poet best remembered for his painting of the Sistine Chapel

18. Michelangelo’s sculptures suggest a sense of tension.

19. Pieta

20. Although he considered himself a sculptor, he is often remembered today as the painter of the frescoes in the Sistine Chapel.

22. St. Peter’s Basilica, Vatican City

23. Raphael (1483-1520) Renaissance painter who favoured bright colours was influenced by the works of da Vinci and Michelangelo

24. Raphael favored the bright colors traditionally used by painters from his home region of Umbria.

25. The School of Athens by Raphael.

26. Artists of Northern Europe were less influenced by classical styles than their contemporaries in Italy painted the world realistically -paid careful attention to detail

27. Jan van Eyck (1390?-1441) Flemish painter called the “King of Painters” by his compatriots

28. Van Eyck painted the world realistically, paying careful attention to every detail.

29. Flemish artists developed oil-based paints which dried slower and were easier to blend.

30. Jan van Eyck’s paintings often had religious messages.

31. Pieter Bruegel was inspired by scenes of peasant country life.

32. Hans Holbein the Younger painted portraits of nobles and rulers.

33. Albrecht Durer (1471-1528) famous German artist of the Reformation widely known for his illustrations

35. Renaissance Literature emerging middle class formed a demanding new audience -enjoyed dramatic tales as well as comedies popular literature was often written in the vernacular

36. Petrarch perfected the form of poetry known as the sonnet.

37. Giovanni Boccaccio (1313-75) Best-known work the Decameron: consisted of 100 stories that make fun of knights and other medieval figures clear, narrative style served as a model for later writers

38. The French writer Francois Rabelais used satire to make fun of narrow- minded monks and scholars.

39. “Abandon yourself to Nature’s truths, and let nothing in the world be unknown to you.” - Francois Rebelais

40. Miguel de Cervantes was a leading writer of the Renaissance in Spain.

41. In his novel Don Quixote, Cervantes mocked medieval ideas of chivalry.

42. Quixote’s idealism seems to be madness in a world that views love and heroism as forms of insanity.

43. William Shakespeare (1564-1616) leading English playwright and poet

45. Christian scholars urged the Roman Catholic Church to reform. Martin Luther

46. They wanted the Church to return to its early traditions based on the teachings of Jesus.

47. Desiderius Erasmus (1466?-1536) Dutch scholar and priest led the Christian humanists used witty dialogues to point out the ignorance of some clergy

48. Erasmus is considered the“Father of the Reformation” because of the way his writings influenced other church reformers.

49. Sir Thomas More (1478-1535) English scholar and statesman believed that literature could be used to serve Christian goals

50. More’s book Utopia described an ideal society in which people lived at peace with one another.