1. WWI and the 1920s

2. Vocabulary Ally: A country that agrees to help another country achieve a common goal. Ally: A country that agrees to help another country achieve a common goal. War bond: A low-interest loan by civilians to the government. War bond: A low-interest loan by civilians to the government. Patriotism: Love or devotion for one’s country. Patriotism: Love or devotion for one’s country. Draft: A government call for registered citizens to engage in active military service Draft: A government call for registered citizens to engage in active military service

3. U.S.-Mexico Conflict 1910- Revolution begins in MX because citizens had grown tired of their poor living conditions. 1910- Revolution begins in MX because citizens had grown tired of their poor living conditions. During revolution Francisco “Pancho” Villa is angered that U.S. does not recognize him as leader. During revolution Francisco “Pancho” Villa is angered that U.S. does not recognize him as leader. Villa begins raiding and killing U.S. citizens across the border (1911-1918) Villa begins raiding and killing U.S. citizens across the border (1911-1918) Gen. John J. Pershing sent to capture Villa in Mexico Gen. John J. Pershing sent to capture Villa in Mexico Angered by U.S. invasion, Mexicans help hide Villa Angered by U.S. invasion, Mexicans help hide Villa 1918 – Mexican government strikes a deal with Villa to stop his raids. 1918 – Mexican government strikes a deal with Villa to stop his raids.

4. Pancho Villa

5. Start of WWI Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria is assassinated in Bosnia by a secret society known as the Black Hand. (June 28, 1914) Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria is assassinated in Bosnia by a secret society known as the Black Hand. (June 28, 1914) WWI begins on July 28, 1914, when Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia. WWI begins on July 28, 1914, when Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia.

6. Franz Ferdinand/ Gavrilo Princip (assassin)

7. Triple Entente (Allies) France, Great Britain, and Russia. Also Italy, Serbia, Belgium and several other countries. France, Great Britain, and Russia. Also Italy, Serbia, Belgium and several other countries. The U.S. will join in 1917. The U.S. will join in 1917.

8. Triple Alliance (Central Powers) Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria. Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria. http://www.dartmouth.edu/~gov46/ottom an-empire-1580.gif http://www.dartmouth.edu/~gov46/ottom an-empire-1580.gif http://www.dartmouth.edu/~gov46/ottom an-empire-1580.gif http://www.dartmouth.edu/~gov46/ottom an-empire-1580.gif

9. Main Factors U.S. enters WWI May 7, 1915: A British passenger ship was sunk off the coast of Ireland by a German U-Boat. About 1,200 people died including 128 Americans. May 7, 1915: A British passenger ship was sunk off the coast of Ireland by a German U-Boat. About 1,200 people died including 128 Americans. The sinking of the Lusitania outraged Americans The sinking of the Lusitania outraged Americans U-Boats (Underwater Boats): German submarines U-Boats (Underwater Boats): German submarines

10. Lusitania

11. Lusitania

12. U.S. Newspapers

13. Main Factors U.S. enters WWI Zimmerman Telegraph: Sent by Foreign Secretary of Germany, Arthur Zimmerman, in January of 1917 to Mexico. Zimmerman Telegraph: Sent by Foreign Secretary of Germany, Arthur Zimmerman, in January of 1917 to Mexico. Germany was asking Mexico to join them and fight against the U.S. Germany was asking Mexico to join them and fight against the U.S. In return Germany would help Mexico regain land that they lost in the Mexican Cession (Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona) In return Germany would help Mexico regain land that they lost in the Mexican Cession (Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona) Telegraph intercepted by the British. Telegraph intercepted by the British.

14. Zimmerman Telegraph Encoded/Decoded

15. U.S. enters WWI President Woodrow Wilson asked Congress for permission to go to war on April 2, 1917. President Woodrow Wilson asked Congress for permission to go to war on April 2, 1917. U.S. Congress officially declared war on Germany on April 6, 1917. U.S. Congress officially declared war on Germany on April 6, 1917. The U.S. joined the Allies. The U.S. joined the Allies.

17. Texans in WWI Nearly 198,000 Texans served in the armed forces including about 450 nurses. Nearly 198,000 Texans served in the armed forces including about 450 nurses. By 1918 nearly 5,000 Texans had died. By 1918 nearly 5,000 Texans had died. Many military training camps were started in TX. Many military training camps were started in TX. The largest aviation training center in the U.S. was established at Kelly Field in San Antonio. The largest aviation training center in the U.S. was established at Kelly Field in San Antonio.

18. What did war look like in WWI? Large Tanks Large Tanks Chemical/Gas Warfare (Mustard Gas) Chemical/Gas Warfare (Mustard Gas) Rapid fire weapons Rapid fire weapons Trench Warfare Trench Warfare Zeppelin Zeppelin

19. Zeppelin

20. End of WWI Fighting ended in WWI on November 11, 1918, when Germany signed an armistice with the Allies. (11 th hour, 11 th day of the 11 th month) Fighting ended in WWI on November 11, 1918, when Germany signed an armistice with the Allies. (11 th hour, 11 th day of the 11 th month) Armistice: a state of peace agreed to between opponents so they can discuss peace terms (agreement to stop all fighting) Armistice: a state of peace agreed to between opponents so they can discuss peace terms (agreement to stop all fighting) Treaty of Versailles was a peace treaty signed by Germany with the Allies on June 28, 1919 to end the war. Treaty of Versailles was a peace treaty signed by Germany with the Allies on June 28, 1919 to end the war. 8-10 million soldiers were killed. 8-10 million soldiers were killed.

21. Armistice Day/Veterans Day First Armistice Day: November 11, 1919. First Armistice Day: November 11, 1919. Changed to a federal holiday in 1938. Changed to a federal holiday in 1938. In 1954 it was changed to Veteran’s Day by President Dwight D. Eisenhower. In 1954 it was changed to Veteran’s Day by President Dwight D. Eisenhower.

22. Racial and Ethnic Tensions Texans and Americans grew to hate Germany, along with its culture. Texans and Americans grew to hate Germany, along with its culture. It made life for German immigrants in TX and the U.S. difficult. It made life for German immigrants in TX and the U.S. difficult. ¼ of the U.S. soldiers were African Americans and they still found themselves targets of segregation. More severe in the South. ¼ of the U.S. soldiers were African Americans and they still found themselves targets of segregation. More severe in the South. Mexican Americans were also threatened and denied many opportunities. Mexican Americans were also threatened and denied many opportunities.

23. Postwar Growth of Top Industries in TX Growth of oil industry during the 1920s was most important economic development after WWI. Growth of oil industry during the 1920s was most important economic development after WWI. Agriculture remained the leading economic force in TX during 1920s. By the end of the 1920s, the value of agricultural products was three times that of oil. Agriculture remained the leading economic force in TX during 1920s. By the end of the 1920s, the value of agricultural products was three times that of oil. Farmers overproduced and many refused to slow down production which dropped the price of crops. Farmers overproduced and many refused to slow down production which dropped the price of crops.

24. Cont. By 1920s automobiles were becoming common in TX. Farmers could transport by truck now and not just railroads. By 1920s automobiles were becoming common in TX. Farmers could transport by truck now and not just railroads. Farm work was made faster and simpler by creating tractors to replace mules and horses. They also created combines which did the work of both binders and threshers increasing wheat production. Farm work was made faster and simpler by creating tractors to replace mules and horses. They also created combines which did the work of both binders and threshers increasing wheat production.

25. Problems with Prohibition The prohibition period lasted for about 13 years until it was ended in 1933 with the 21 st amendment. The prohibition period lasted for about 13 years until it was ended in 1933 with the 21 st amendment. The 21 st amendment (ended prohibition) repealed the 18 th amendment which banned the manufacture, distribution, and sale of alcohol. The 21 st amendment (ended prohibition) repealed the 18 th amendment which banned the manufacture, distribution, and sale of alcohol.

26. Intolerance on the Rise Intolerance: An unwillingness to accept different people, ideas, or behaviors. Intolerance: An unwillingness to accept different people, ideas, or behaviors. The Ku Klux Klan (KKK) declared that its postwar goals were to preserve patriotism and moral behavior. The Ku Klux Klan (KKK) declared that its postwar goals were to preserve patriotism and moral behavior. Its members openly opposed Catholics, Jews, African Americans, and Hispanics. Its members openly opposed Catholics, Jews, African Americans, and Hispanics. The KKK grew to 100,000 members and had elected members to important offices in TX and the U.S. The KKK grew to 100,000 members and had elected members to important offices in TX and the U.S.

27. Ku Klux Klan (KKK)