PERFORM BASIC FIRST AID PROCEDURES

PERFORM BASIC FIRST AID PROCEDURES
Unit Code: D1.HRS.CL1.12 D1.HOT.CL1.12 D2.TCC.CL1.15 Trainer welcomes trainees to class.

Perform basic first aid procedures
This unit comprises three Elements: 1. Assess the situation 2. Apply basic first aid techniques 3. Communicate details of the incident. Trainer advises trainees this Unit comprises three Elements, as listed on the slide explaining: • Each Element comprises a number of Performance Criteria which will be identified throughout the class and explained in detail • Trainees can obtain more detail from their Trainee Manual • At times the course presents advice and information about reporting procedures but where their workplace requirements differ to what is presented, the workplace practices and standards must be observed.

Assessment Assessment for this unit may include: Oral questions
Written questions Work projects Workplace observation of practical skills Practical exercises Formal report from employer/supervisor. Trainer advises trainees that assessment for this Unit may take several forms, all of which are aimed at verifying they have achieved competency for the Unit as required. Trainer indicates to trainees the methods of assessment that will be applied to them for this Unit.

Assess the situation Performance Criteria for this Element are:
Identify physical hazards to own & others’ health and safety Minimise immediate risk to self & health and safety of the casualty by controlling hazard/s in accordance with accepted practice Assess casualty’s vital signs & physical condition in accordance with accepted practice. Trainer identifies for trainees the Performance Criteria for this Element, as listed on the slide. Class Activity – General discussion Trainer leads a general class discussion on the provision of first aid asking questions such as: • What experience have you had of learning first aid procedures? Who has ever provided first aid to an injured person, in or out of the workplace? What was the scenario? How did you become aware of the need to provide first aid? What did you do? How were the emergency services or any other external professional medical assistance involved? What happened to the casualty? How did you feel when you were providing the first aid? How did you feel after having provided first aid assistance? What problems did you encounter and how did you address them? Did you get assistance from bystanders? How? What sort of help? What follow-up or reporting occurred after the incident?

Identify physical hazards
First aid can be defined as: Any care given to an injured or ill person (called a 'casualty') before professional medical assistance (ambulance, paramedics, nurse, or doctor) arrives on the scene to take control of the situation. Trainer explains to trainees that first aid can be defined as stated on the slide highlighting definition of ‘casualty’. Class Activity – Questions Trainer asks trainees for examples of actions and procedures that comprise first aid identifying why and when they may be applied. Answers include: Mouth-to-mouth resuscitation if the casualty is not breathing Chest compressions if there is no pulse/heartbeat Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) where there is no breathing and no pulse Control of bleeding to prevent/limit blood loss Wound care to prevent/limit blood loss and control/limit infection by covering wounds Treatment for burns and scalds due to water, electricity, sun Bandaging and splinting to fractures and sprains.

When providing first aid always: Protect yourself and others at all times against injury or harm Casualty must be protected against further harm or injury Arrange for professional help to be called Wear protective gloves. Trainer explains the following important points must always be taken into account when providing first aid: Protect self and others at all times against injury or harm. Persons delivering first aid (and bystanders) should not become casualties The casualty must be protected against further harm or injury. Nothing done should make the casualty worse Whenever there is a need to administer first aid make sure supervisor is notified immediately to arrange for professional help to be called. Always call for professional help where there is a need to render first aid: do this before starting to administer first aid Wear protective gloves when administering first aid to protect against infection – make this standard operating procedure.

Assess all first aid situations to identify hazards to self & others: Workplace and incident-specific hazards Hazards sometimes associated with casualty management Bodily fluids – always wear protective gloves Risk of further injury to the casualty. Trainer advises that to protect first aid providers, bystanders and casualties against harm or further injury when providing first aid, care must be taken to identify physical and other hazards which may be present such as: Workplace and incident-specific hazards including stock, plant, equipment, machinery, utensils, vehicles and the general environment as this may relate to heat, cold, wind, sunshine, rain Hazards sometimes associated with casualty management. For example, first aid providers need to be aware there can be a risk of being bitten by the casualty, or a risk of violence as a result of a casualty being confused and disoriented Bodily fluids. Body fluids have the potential to contaminate and cause disease. Some diseases are only spread through blood-borne viruses or pathogens but it is advisable to be alert to the potential dangers posed by all bodily fluids (Blood, Saliva, Urine, Faeces, Mucus, Pus, Semen, Sweat, Tears). Trainer to stress first aid providers must err on the side of safety and all body fluids should be treated as if they are infectious. The wearing of protective gloves when providing first aid is mandatory. Risk of further injury to the casualty which can be caused by a range of issues, for example: The casualty being burned by fire spreading toward them Something falling onto the casualty and adding to their existing injury.

Ways to identify hazards : Use common sense Use your sense of sight Use your sense of hearing Use your sense of touch Use your sense of smell. Trainer presents ways to identify hazards that may be present when assessing the situation prior to rendering first aid: Use common sense. This is the most important aspect: use your own judgment and factor in what others such as bystanders may tell you. Use your experience and local knowledge Use your sense of sight. Look for things that could present a problem or danger. Look upwards, to the side and all around. Be alert to smoke, fire, and emerging issues Use your sense of hearing. Listen for escaping gas, crackling of flames, creaking of wood or metal Use your sense of touch – are there vibrations or heat indicating a problem? Use your sense of smell – can you smell gas or smoke?

Minimise immediate risk
Take action to address identified risk Do not move casualty unless they are in immediate danger of more harm Ask bystanders to move to safety, if necessary Call fire brigade if there is fire, smoke or escaping gas Contact electricity supply company if there is hazard from electricity. Get a staff member to turn power off. Trainer highlights that action to be taken to minimise risk will depend on the identified hazard/s. Trainer stresses first aid providers should only act to address identified issues where they pose a risk. Trainer notes (generally speaking) casualties should not be moved until they have been assessed as being safe to move BUT if there is a serious and immediate risk of extra injury or worse injury to a casualty from an identified hazard it is standard practice to move them away from the hazard. Trainer mentions if uninjured bystanders are near an identified hazard, they must be asked to move away to a safe location to prevent them becoming casualties. Trainer further notes: Whenever there is identified danger from fire, gas leaks or smoke the emergency fire authorities must be called Where there is an identified hazard from electricity, the electricity supply company or someone from within the workplace with knowledge of how to turn off the power must be contacted. Class Activity – Questions Trainer asks trainees: What is the telephone number for them to contact the fire department? What is the telephone number for them to contact the ambulance? What is the telephone number for them to contact the electric and/or gas company? How would they contact the above in an emergency situation from their workplace?

What might you do If there is a fire near the casualty? If the casualty’s situation is being made worse by rain or sunshine? If gas is leaking from a damaged appliance? If unstable items are nearby and posing a risk of falling on the casualty? If the casualty is in a position where they are likely to be run over by vehicles? Trainer provides examples of what might be done when hazards have been identified as part of assessing a casualty: If there is a fire near the casualty call the fire brigade, move the casualty out of the danger zone, and/or fight the fire with nearby hoses, fire blanket of extinguisher If the casualty’s situation is being made worse by rain or sunshine provide cover to the person to keep them dry or in the shade If gas is leaking from a damaged appliance turn off the gas at the stop valve; make sure no one is smoking If unstable items are nearby and posing a risk of falling on the casualty either move or shore up the items to prevent them falling, or move the casualty If the casualty is in a position where they are likely to be run over by vehicles move them, or take action to stop traffic.

Always protect the neck when moving casualty: Keep the casualty still Kneel behind the head and place your hands on either side to support it Put rolled up towels, blankets, or clothing on each side of the casualty’s head to keep it from moving. Trainer explains to trainees that if they ever have to move a casualty because of imminent danger, they must do whatever they can to protect the neck against movement especially where the casualty is unconscious and they are unsure about what injuries are present. Trainer identifies that to help protect the neck trainees may: Keep the casualty still and verbally instruct the casualty not to move Kneel behind the head and place hands on either side to support it with the head, neck and spine in a straight line Put rolled up towels, blankets, or clothing on each side of the casualty’s head to keep it from moving. Class Activity – Demonstration and practical Trainer shows trainees how they could protect the neck of a casualty while providing first aid. Trainees may be given the opportunity to practice.

Be prepared to ask others for help: Other staff Members of the public Passers by & bystanders Customers/guests Management Friends and/or family of the casualty. Trainer states trainees must always be alert to the possibility of asking others (other staff, bystanders, passers by, customers/guests, management, friends and/or family of the casualty) to assist when faced with an emergency or first aid situation. Trainer stresses people are often prepared and willing to help if they are told what to do. Class Activity - Questions Trainer asks trainees what sort of things other people could be asked to do in order to assist with first aid provision to a casualty. Possible responses may include: By calling emergency services By moving items By helping to move the casualty By using fire fighting equipment.

Minimize immediate risk
The ‘Fireman’s Carry’ should be used to move unconscious people or casualties who are unable to walk DO NOT USE the Fireman’s Carry if the casualty has an injured: Arm Ribs Leg Back. Trainer tells trainees the ‘Fireman’s Carry’ is used to move unconscious people or casualties who are unable to walk, but it must not be used if the casualty has an injured arm, leg, ribs, neck, or back. Trainer refers trainees to their manual to explain the Fireman’s Carry’ explaining the steps are: Place the casualty face down Grab the person around the waist, and help bring him or her to a standing position, facing you Keep one arm around his or her waist when you have him or her in the standing position Grasp the casualty’s right arm in your left hand and swing his or her arm around the back of your neck Pull him or her across your shoulders by bringing his or her raised arm around your neck and over your shoulder. In this position, the injured person's legs will be over one shoulder, and his or her arm and head will be over the other shoulder Reposition your hand from the person's waist to the back of his or her knee Lift yourself with the injured person into a standing position. The ‘Fireman’s Carry’ is used to move unconscious people or casualties who are unable to walk. Do not use the Fireman’s Carry if the casualty has an injured arm, leg, ribs, neck, or back. The steps for the Fireman’s Carry are: Class Activity – Demonstration and practical Trainer demonstrates how to perform ‘Firemen’s Carry’ of a casualty. Trainees to be given an opportunity to practice the ‘Fireman’s Carry’. Class Activity – View online video Trainer arranges for class to view an alternative carry technique: Trainer may arrange for practice of this alternative method for carrying a casualty.

Assess vital signs & physical condition of casualty
DRABC is an acronym to describe the procedures used by first aiders when providing first aid: D for Danger – Assess the situation R for Response – Check consciousness, check on vital signs A for Airway – Open airway B for Breathing – Check respiration rates C for Circulation – Give chest compressions. Trainer explains DRABC is an acronym used to describe the procedures which should be used by first aiders when providing first aid to victims. Trainer identifies following DRABC helps ensure further injury does not occur, and addresses the important casualty assessments that should be made before first aid is provided. Trainer presents interpretation of DRABC (to be expanded further on following slides) as: D for Danger – Assess the situation R for Response – Check consciousness, check on vital signs A for Airway – Open airway B for Breathing – Check respiration rates C for Circulation – Give chest compressions.

‘D’ stands for ‘Danger’. ‘D’ means you must: Assess the situation Check for danger. Trainer explains to trainees this part of DRABC has essentially already been covered. Trainer mentions before first aid is provided there must be an assessment of the situation. Important aspects are: Check for danger to self, the casualty and others. Look for obvious, immediate, life-threatening hazards such as fire, the possibility of a gas explosion, and electrical hazards If there is danger around move self and your casualty to prevent further injury to anyone If you think the casualty has a spinal injury, take care to stop more damage to the spine by stopping movement of the casualty's neck and back.

‘R’ = ‘Response’ from the casualty: Try to get a response from the casualty – do not shake them Get a history Identify how the casualty feels Check the physical condition of the casualty Be alert to possibility of shock. Trainer explains ‘Response’ is a step enabling determination whether the casualty is conscious or unconscious. Trainer recommends trainees: Try to get a response from the casualty by gently tapping his or her shoulder and calling his or her name Avoid shaking them as this may worsen an existing injury Get a history. Ask the casualty or any witnesses who saw the incident: What happened? Does the casualty have a neck or back injury (from falling)? Does the casualty have an allergic reaction (e.g. from food, or an insect bite)? Identify how the casualty feels. Ask: ‘How do you feel?’, ‘Do you feel dizzy or weak?’, ‘Do you have pain? Where? For how long?’ Check the physical condition of the casualty – take a look at them and around them. Is there evidence: The casualty is bleeding? Where from? How badly? Bones are broken? Of swelling, bites, burns, scalds? Of possible neck and/or back injury? They are suffering allergic reactions – perhaps to food or a sting/bite? The casualty is in shock. Symptoms of shock include: Sweaty but cool skin, pale color, or bluish skin around the mouth Shallow, fast breathing Rapid pulse that becomes weaker. As shock progresses, you will see the casualty has: Anxiety – they will appear restless, agitated, worried Unusual thirst Yawning and sighing Nausea.

‘A’ = ‘Airway’: Check airway is free of obstructions If casualty is not breathing, open airway Remove visible obstructions from mouth & nose Obstructions prevent breathing impede provision of rescue breathing. Trainer states ‘A’ stands for ‘Airway’ and the need to check the casualty’s airway to make sure it is free of obstructions. Trainer highlights: If casualty is not breathing, open the airway by placing one hand on their forehead and gently tilt the head back by lifting the chin Remove any visible obstructions (vomit, mucus, saliva, false teeth, loose/broken teeth, food, tongue) from the mouth and nose to unblock the airways If obstructions are present the casualty will not be able to breathe and the obstruction will also impede the provision of rescue breathing or mouth-to-mouth resuscitation (also known as EAR - Expired Air Resuscitation). Class Activity – Demonstration and practical (opening airway) Trainer shows trainees how to open an airway of a casualty who is not breathing. Trainees given opportunity to practice opening airway.

‘B’ = ‘Breathing: Check breathing by looking, listening & feeling for breathing for up to 10 seconds If casualty is not breathing, administer rescue breathing/mouth-to-mouth resuscitation/EAR If casualty is breathing then monitor them. Trainer explains ‘B’ stands for ‘Breathing’, identifying the need to check and determine whether or not the casualty is breathing or not. Trainer states important aspects of this step are: Check breathing by looking (watch the rise and fall of chest), listening (to the sounds of inhaling and exhaling) and feeling for breathing (by placing your cheek next to their mouth and feeling for exhaled breath on your check) for up to 10 seconds. Attention should be paid to identifying if the casualty’s breathing is regular or irregular If casualty is not breathing, rescue breathing/mouth-to-mouth resuscitation/EAR should be commenced (to be described later) If casualty is breathing: Continue to monitor to ensure they continue to breathe Apply rescue breathing if their breathing stops Note their respiration rate so it can be communicated to professionals when they arrive. Class Activity – Demonstration and practical Trainer demonstrates to trainees how to check breathing of a casualty by showing how to: Look for rise and fall of chest/abdomen Listen for breathing Feel for breath. Several/all trainees to be given opportunity to practice same.

One ‘vital sign’ is respiration rate: Watch chest/stomach rise & fall for 15 seconds counting how many times the chest/stomach rises Multiply figure by four Record findings. Trainer defines ‘Respiration rate’ as the rate at which the casualty is breathing. Trainer explains that to determine the respiration rate for a casualty: Watch chest/stomach rise and fall for 15 seconds counting how many times the chest/stomach rises Multiply this figure by four to obtain respirations per minute Write down your findings so they can be passed on to professional medical help when they arrive.

Respiration rates: Normal range in an adult when resting is 12 to 20 respirations per minute Below 12 respirations per minute is ‘slow’ Above 20 respirations per minute is ‘rapid’ Slower than 12 – or faster than 20 respirations per minute – may indicate a problem affecting the casualty's ability to get oxygen. Trainer presents details regarding respiration rates as follows: The normal range of respiration rates in an adult when resting is 12 to 20 respirations per minute Respiration rate below 12 respirations per minute is called slow Respiration rate above 20 respirations per minute is rapid A breathing rate slower than 12 respirations per minute or faster than 20 respirations per minute may indicate a problem affecting the casualty's ability to get oxygen (air). Class Activity – Demonstration and practical Trainer demonstrates how to obtain respiration rate for a ‘casualty’. Several/all trainees to be given opportunity to practice same.

‘C’ = check ‘Circulation’: This will indicate if heart is beating No pulse = no heartbeat & no circulation If you cannot detect a pulse, begin chest compressions If casualty is not breathing and there is no pulse, administer CPR. Trainer explains ‘C’ stands for the need to check ‘Circulation’ highlighting: This will indicate whether or not their heart is beating Without a pulse, there is no heart beating and there is no circulation If you cannot detect a pulse, commence chest compressions If casualty is not breathing and there is no pulse, administer CPR (Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation) – a first aid technique combining rescue breathing and external chest compressions.

‘Pulse rate’ vital sign: Normal adult pulse rate at rest is 60 to 80 beats per minute – average is 72 beats per minute A resting pulse rate of more than beats per minute is higher than normal Causes of high pulse rate can be shock, bleeding, heat, dehydration, fever, pain or exercise. Trainer explains it is important to take the pulse of a casualty to determine if their heart is till beating or not. No pulse means their heart is not beating and chest compressions must commence. Trainer highlights if there is no pulse and there is no sign of breathing, CPR (cardio-pulmonary resuscitation) must commence. Trainer refers trainees to their manual for information about taking a pulse, stating: A good point for taking the pulse is the neck (carotid arteries). Place the middle and index fingers on the casualty's larynx (voice box) Move the fingers to the side until you feel the groove (between the bone and the muscle) next to the trachea (wind pipe), then press on the groove until you feel the pulse Place the tips of your index and middle fingers over the pulse site and press gently. Using a watch with a second hand, count the pulse for 15 seconds and then multiply by four to obtain beats per minute Write down your findings so they can be passed on to professional medical help on arrival. Class Activity – Demonstration and practical Trainer demonstrates how to take the pulse of a ‘casualty’. Several/all trainees to be given opportunity to practice same.

Try to obtain history, signs & symptoms from the casualty to help make a more informed diagnosis – this will better indicate the first aid needing to be given. While waiting for professional help to arrive: Provide whatever first aid is needed Monitor the casualty & record observations Reassure them everything is OK and they will be fine. Trainer states if the casualty is conscious and able to talk, speak to them to obtain whatever history is available relating to their condition or situation. Trainer explains that by putting the history, signs and symptoms together, you will have a better assessment of the injury or illness and know more accurately what needs to be done. For example: The casualty’s chest pain came on quickly The casualty has had chest pain for more than 10 minutes and is short of breath and sweating The casualty is experiencing pain in the chest that is spreading down the arms. He/she also feels weak and dizzy Assessment – it is possible the person has suffered a heart attack, so: Get professional medical help immediately Call for an ambulance If the casualty becomes worse, stop your assessment and treat the life-threatening condition. Trainer tells trainees while waiting for help to arrive, they should: Give whatever first aid to the casualty you can Keep watching the casualty to see if their condition changes and note those changes (for example, changes to respiration, heart beat, level of consciousness) Reassure them they are going to be alright.

Summary – Element 1 When assessing the situation when providing basic first aid to casualties: Protect yourself and others against injury Protect the casualty against further injury Look for physical & other hazards when you arrive on scene Take action to guard against identified hazards (Continued) Trainer provides a recap of the Element asking questions to check trainee understanding and responding to questions from trainees, as required.

Summary – Element 1 Never simply rush in and start providing first aid – assess the situation first: every time Never move a casualty until they have been assessed unless there is a risk of further or worse injury to them Be prepared to ask bystander and others for help Call emergency services immediately (Continued) Trainer provides a recap of the Element asking questions to check trainee understanding and responding to questions from trainees, as required.

Summary – Element 1 Implement DRABC
Check if casualty is conscious or not Check to determine if the casualty is breathing or not Check to determine if the casualty has a pulse or not Apply mouth-to-mouth resuscitation, cardiac compressions or CPR as required (Continued) Trainer provides a recap of the Element asking questions to check trainee understanding and responding to questions from trainees, as required.

Summary – Element 1 Observe vital signs & physical condition of casualty & record observations Maintain ongoing monitoring of casualty when providing first aid. Trainer provides a recap of the Element asking questions to check trainee understanding and responding to questions from trainees, as required.

Apply basic first aid techniques
Performance Criteria for this Element are: Provide first aid management in accordance with established first aid procedures and available resources and equipment Monitor casualty’s condition and respond to the casualty’s condition in accordance with accepted first aid principles and enterprise guidelines (Continued) Trainer identifies for trainees the Performance Criteria for this Element, as listed on the slide.

Apply basic first aid techniques
Seek first aid assistance from others in a timely manner as appropriate Record accidents and injuries in accordance with enterprise procedures. Trainer identifies for trainees the Performance Criteria for this Element, as listed on the slide. Class Activity – Discussion Trainer asks trainees questions regarding their experiences providing first aid to people and/or their experiences with watching others provide first aid: What other experiences (in addition to those already shared) do you have with the provision of first aid? Have you seen others provide first aid? What did they do? How might you respond if someone burns himself/herself? What would you do if you were told a casualty was in anaphylactic shock? Why is it important for first aid providers to record details of what they did when providing first aid to a customer/guest who is a casualty?

Provide first aid management
Mouth-to-mouth resuscitation/EAR: Should be given when diagnosis reveals the patient is not breathing If the casualty is breathing, mouth-to-mouth resuscitation is not required – manage bleeding & other injuries Place breathing casualty into ‘Recovery Position’. Trainer identifies mouth-to-mouth resuscitation (Expired Air Breathing, also known as ‘recovery breathing’) should be given when diagnosis reveals the patient is not breathing. Trainer explains if the casualty is breathing, mouth-to-mouth resuscitation is not required and the focus must be to manage bleeding and other injuries. Trainer refers trainees to their manual for the steps in providing mouth-to-mouth resuscitation to an adult. Class Activity – Demonstration and practical Trainer demonstrates provision of mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. Trainees to be given opportunity to practice same.

To place breathing casualty into Recovery Position: Kneel beside casualty Place furthest arm at right angles to the body Place nearest arm across chest Lift nearest leg at knee so it is fully bent Roll patient away & on to the side while supporting head/neck & keeping the leg at right angles. Trainer describes steps in placing a breathing casualty into the Recovery Position: Kneel beside casualty Place their furthest arm at right angles to the body Place their nearest arm across the chest Lift their nearest leg at the knee so it is fully bent upwards Roll casualty away from you on to the side while supporting head and neck and keeping the leg at right angles with the knee touching the ground. Class Activity – Demonstration and practical Trainer demonstrates how to place casualty into Recovery Position. Trainees to be given opportunity to practice same.

CPR (Cardio-pulmonary resuscitation): Is necessary when casualty has no pulse and is not breathing Ensure professional help has been called for 30 compressions (at rate of 100/minute), then 2 breaths CPR may be provided by two people – one gives compressions; the other gives breaths. Trainer explains if the casualty is not breathing and has no pulse there is a need to administer cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Trainer stresses where CPR is needed: Providing it must take priority over treating other injuries There is a need to verify professional medical help has been summoned If two first aid providers are present, one should give cardiac compressions and the other should give mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. It is advisable to count the number of compressions out loud to keep track of them. Trainer refers trainees to manual for details of providing CPR. Class Activity – View online video Trainer arranges for class to view resuscitation video: Class Activity – Demonstration and practical Trainer demonstrates how to provide CPR: Single person providing CPR Two persons providing CPR. Trainees to be given opportunity to practice same.

Managing bleeding: ‘Bleeding’ is loss of blood Wear disposable gloves when treating bleeding Apply bandage to clean wounds If object is stuck in the wound stabilise it; do not press on it or try to move or remove it. Trainer defines ‘Bleeding’ as loss of blood explaining it can be external or internal. Trainer states first aid treatment relates to managing external bleeding and identifies the following guidelines apply: Use disposable gloves to reduce the risk of cross-infection If the wound is a clean cut (free of dirt), apply a dressing. Your main aim is to stop the flow of blood. If blood comes out of a dressing applied to an arm or a leg, apply a pressure dressing (a wad of material on top of the dressing and directly over the wound) then raise the injured arm or leg above heart level If an object is stuck in the wound, stabilise the object with a bulky dressing made from the cleanest material available. Then apply a bandage over the dressing. Do not press on the object; do not try to remove object. Class Activity – View online videos Trainer arranges for class to view videos on managing bleeding:

Responding to a casualty with clothes on fire: Cover with fire blanket Roll on ground until flames go out OR Tell casualty to drop and roll to put flames out. Trainer advises trainees if the casualty's clothing is on fire: Cover the casualty with a fire blanket Roll them on the ground until the fire is put out. Trainer also instructs trainees if they cannot get to a fire blanket quickly, they should tell the casualty to drop to the ground and roll on the flame until it goes out. Class Activity – Demonstration and practical Trainer to show trainees what a fire blanket is and demonstrate how to wrap one around a victim and roll them on floor. Trainees to be given opportunity to practice same.

Treatment of burns: Place burn under cold running water for 10 minutes Cut/lift away clothing covering the burned area Leave clothing that sticks to burned area Remove jewellery from burned limb Apply a sterile dressing Raise the limb to reduce swelling (Continued) Trainer provides information on treating burns: Place the burn under cold running water for at least 10 minutes Cut and gently lift away any clothing covering the burned area Leave any piece of clothing that sticks to the burned area in place Remove any jewellery from the burned limb so you do not have to cut off the jewellery later when the limb swells Apply a sterile dressing over the burn and raise the limb to reduce swelling.

If burned area is large, use cleanest material available to cover the burned area Do not clean burned area before applying dressing Do not apply ointments or medications Do not break any blisters Be alert to shock setting in. Trainer continues to provide detail on how to treat burns: If the burned area is large, use the cleanest material available to cover the burned area Do not try to clean the burned area before applying the dressing Do not apply ointments or medications to the burned area Do not break any blisters. Trainer advises trainees they need to be aware of the potential for shock to set in when burns occur stating: Action must be taken to respond appropriately to prevent shock or control shock highlighting a casualty with serious burns should receive intravenous fluids and medical attention as soon as possible If the casualty is not in shock or suffering nausea, small amounts of cool water can be given. Class Activity – View online video Trainer arranges for class to view video on dealing with burns:

Electrocution: Do not touch electrical wire or casualty Find electricity source & turn it off If you cannot turn off electricity: Protect self by standing on dry & non-conductive item Push casualty away, or push source of the electricity away from the casualty, with non-conductive pole Check breathing Find and dress entry & exit burn wound. Trainer explains electrocution occurs when electricity goes through the body. Trainer warns trainees if the casualty is lying on an electrical wire, the electrical wire is probably carrying electrical current and can be a danger to them as well as to the casualty. Trainer provides steps in dealing with electrocution: Do not touch the electrical wire with your hands Do not touch the casualty Find the source of the electricity and turn it off. If you cannot turn off the electricity: Protect yourself by standing on something dry and non-conductive (e.g. wooden chair) Push the casualty away from the electricity, or push the source of the electricity away from the casualty with a non-conductive pole (e.g. wooden broom handle) Check for breathing – use resuscitation techniques if casualty is not breathing Find and dress the entry burn wound and the exit burn wound. The sole of the foot is a common location for the exit burn.

Snakebite: Apply firm crepe or elastic bandage over bite, then rest of limb Stop arm or leg from moving Do not allow the casualty to move Monitor breathing Watch for shock. Trainer explains steps for treating snakebite: Apply a firm crepe or elastic bandage over the bite site, then the rest of the limb Stop the arm or leg from moving Do not allow the casualty to move around more than is necessary Monitor the casualty’s breathing Watch the casualty for shock. Class Activity – Demonstration and practical Trainer demonstrates how to treat snakebite using crepe/elastic bandage. Trainees to be given opportunity to practice same.

Animal bites: Clean the bite thoroughly with soap or antiseptic Wash the bite with water Cover the bite with a sterile dressing Immobilise injured arm or leg Take casualty immediately to a medical facility. Trainer states bites from other animals can cause severe bruises and infection, and break the skin, and first aid should include: Cleaning the bite thoroughly with soap or antiseptic Washing the bite with water Covering the bite with a sterile dressing Immobilising an injured arm or leg Taking the casualty immediately to a medical facility.

Insect bites/stings: Remove any stingers Wash bite or sting site Apply ice or cold compresses Treat serious reactions the same as snakebite Monitor breathing Be alert to allergic reaction Look for MEDIC ALERT tag or emergency insect bite treatment kits on the casualty. Trainer identifies first aid for insect bites or stings should include: Removing any stingers by carefully scraping the skin with a clean fingernail or blunt knife Washing the bite or sting site Applying ice or cold compresses to the bite or sting site Treating more serious reactions (severe and rapid swelling, allergic symptoms) the same as a snakebite Monitoring the casualty’s breathing. Trainer advises insect bites or stings may cause severe allergic reaction (such as difficulty breathing) if a person is sensitive and symptoms include: Swelling of the mouth and throat Red face Hives Wheezing or difficulty breathing Coughing Nausea or vomiting Convulsions Drop in blood pressure Loss of consciousness. Trainer notes often allergic people carry identification (such as a MEDIC ALERT tag) or emergency insect bite treatment kits. Trainer instructs if the casualty is having an allergic reaction and has such a kit, follow the instructions that accompany the kit. Class Activity – Presentations Trainer presents ‘MEDIC ALERT’ tag to class for them to view so as to become familiar with same. Trainer presents emergency insect bite treatment kit to trainees for them to read instructions and become familiar with same.

Anaphylaxis/anaphylactic shock: Summon professional medical help Search for rescue medication - EpiPen® Inject into outer thigh Do not inject intravenously Do not inject into buttock Prepare to administer CPR. Trainer explains anaphylaxis (‘anaphylactic shock’) is a potential fatal event caused by an allergic reaction usually to food such as peanuts. Trainer states anaphylaxis may be diagnosed as follows: Friend or family member advises you the casualty is suffering from anaphylactic shock Casualty is wearing a MEDIC ALERT-style tag Casualty has difficulty breathing, becomes disoriented and confused, starts turning blue, complains of feeling itchy and displays skin irritation (red blotches with hive-like appearance). Trainer notes rapid diagnosis and quick treatment are vital: Call professional medical assistance and identify anaphylactic shock is suspected Search casualty for ‘rescue medication’ (rescue medication is medication carried by persons susceptible to anaphylaxis for use by first aid providers when treating them) – and administer rescue medication: EpiPen® - an injection system where epinephrine is injected into the casualty The EpiPen® website advises/instructs: Inject into the outer thigh Do not inject intravenously Do not inject into the buttock Prepare yourself to administer CPR – as anaphylaxis can stop breathing and the heart. Class Activity – Visit Website Trainer arranges for trainees to visit/view the EpiPen® website at and read site information.

Choking: Use heel of hand to give up to five blows between the shoulder blades Check casualty’s mouth quickly after each blow & remove anything there Give up to five abdominal thrusts if casualty is still choking Check mouth after each abdominal thrust. Trainer explains if a person has food stuck in their throat, they could be choking and the treatment for choking is: Use the ‘heel of your hand’, and give up to five blows between the shoulder blades Check the casualty’s mouth quickly after each blow and remove anything that is stuck in there Give up to five abdominal thrusts. If the casualty is still choking, place a clenched fist between the navel and the bottom of the breastbone and pull inwards and upwards Check the casualty’s mouth quickly after each abdominal thrust and remove anything that is stuck in there. Class Activity – View online video Trainer arranges for class to view video on treating choking: Class Activity – Demonstration and practical Trainer demonstrates how to provide first aid to choking victim – shoulder blows and abdominal thrusts. Trainees may be given the opportunity to practice.

Treating fractures: Remove jewellery on injured limb Dress open wounds or burns before applying splint or sling Cover exposed bone with a dressing Do not try to push bone back under skin Do not try to straighten or ’put together’ injured limb Place the fractured arm in a sling or splint. Trainer explains a fracture is a broken bone, highlighting it is standard practice to splint or immobilise an arm or leg, even if they are not broken (because this will reduce the pain). Technique is as follows: Remove any jewellery on the casualty's injured limb Dress any open wounds or burns on the injured limb before applying the splint or sling Cover any exposed bone with a dressing Do not try to push the bone back under the skin Do not try to straighten or ‘put together’ the injured limb Place the fractured arm in a sling or splint – see following slides.

Placing a sling on a fractured arm: Place sling under injured arm so it is centered, base of sling is beyond the elbow and top corner is over the shoulder of the injured side Position forearm with the hand slightly raised Bring lower portion of material over injured arm and over shoulder of the uninjured side Tie the two corners in a knot on the side of the neck on the uninjured side Twist pointed end of sling and tuck it in at elbow. Trainer explains the process for placing a fractured arm in a sling is: Place the triangular sling under the injured arm so the arm is in the center, the base of the sling is beyond the elbow, and the top corner is over the shoulder of the injured side Position the forearm with the hand slightly raised (about 10 degree angle) Bring the lower portion of the material over the injured arm and over the shoulder of the uninjured side Tie the two corners in a knot on the side of the neck on the uninjured side Twist the pointed end of the sling and tuck it in at the elbow. Class Activity – Demonstration and practical Trainer demonstrates how to apply a sling to a fractured arm. Trainees may be given the opportunity to practice.

Applying a splint: Place one splint on each side of the arm or leg Aim is to immobilise joints above and below the fracture Secure splint above and below fracture site with little movement to the injured areas Use chest wall to immobilise a fractured arm Use good leg to immobilise the fractured leg if nothing is available. Trainer instructs trainees about applying a splint to an arm or leg stating: Place one splint on each side of the arm or leg The aim of splinting is to immobilise the joints above and below any fracture so ensure splints go above and below the fracture Secure each splint in place above and below the fracture site with little movement to the injured areas Use the chest wall to immobilise a fractured arm and use the good leg to immobilise the fractured leg if nothing is available. Class Activity – View online video Trainer arranges for class to view video on applying splint: Class Activity – Demonstration and practical Trainer demonstrates how to: Apply split to an arm Apply splint to a leg. Several/all trainees may be given the opportunity to practice same.

Treating sprains: Use RICE R = Raise the limb I = Ice the area C = Compress the area E = Elevate the injury. Trainer defines a sprain as an injury to the soft part in the ankle, knee, or wrist. Trainer presents the ‘RICE procedure’ as the treatment for sprains explaining it comprises: Raise the limb Ice – apply ice or a cold pad to the injured area Compress the injury using a bandage or soft padding Elevate the injured limb. Class Activity – View online video Trainer arranges for class to view video on treating sprains and strains:

Managing possible head or spinal injuries: Do not move casualty Obtain medical help immediately Keep casualty still – tell them not to move Support head & neck Use rolled up towels/blankets to keep head still Cover to keep warm. Trainer identifies that if a neck or spinal injury is suspected all that can be done is to manage the injury until professional help arrives. Management includes: Do not move the casualty if you think they have a spinal injury, unless you believe there is immediate danger If you must move the casualty to save his or her life, keep the movement of their back and neck to a minimum Send someone to get medical help (an ambulance) immediately Keep the casualty still – tell the casualty not to move Kneel behind the head and place your hands on either side to support it with the head, neck and spine in a straight line Put rolled up towels, blankets, or clothing on each side of the casualty’s head to keep it from moving Cover the casualty with a blanket.

Signs of shock: Sweaty but cool skin, pale color, or bluish skin around the mouth Shallow, fast breathing Rapid pulse that becomes weaker. Trainer identifies that a casualty with burns or bleeding can have shock, explaining signs of shock include: Sweaty but cool skin, pale color, or bluish skin around the mouth Shallow, fast breathing Rapid pulse that becomes weaker.

As shock progresses casualty may: Display signs of anxiety Have unusual thirst Yawn and sigh Become nauseous. Trainer advises trainees as shock progresses, they will see the casualty has: Anxiety – they will appear restless, agitated, worried Unusual thirst Yawning and sighing Nausea.

Treat shock by: Calling an ambulance Treating major wounds or stop heavy bleeding Positioning casualty on their back with blanket Keeping the casualty calm Reassuring them (Continued) Trainer instructs trainees to treat shock by: Calling an ambulance or summoning professional medical attention Treating major wounds and stopping heavy bleeding Positioning the casualty on their back, on a blanket to keep warm Keeping the casualty calm. Confidently and calmly tell the casualty that you are helping and they will be OK.

Splinting fractured legs before elevating them Raising legs so feet are slightly higher than heart Not elevating legs if you think casualty has broken back Placing casualties in Recovery Position Loosening tight clothing, including boots Preventing casualty from being too warm or cold. Trainer continues providing instructions on treating shock: Making sure fractured legs are splinted before you elevate the legs Raising casualty's legs so feet are slightly higher than the level of the heart. Place a rolled up towel/blanket, box, or other stable object under the casualty’s feet or ankles Not elevating the legs if you think that a casualty has a broken back Placing unconscious casualties in the Recovery Position Loosening any tight clothing, including boots Keeping the casualty from being too warm or too cold.

Monitor casualty’s condition
Things to note or monitor: Pulse and respiration Colour of skin Mention of pain Requests How long casualty was unconscious Comments made relating to cause of the injury. Trainer advises trainees when they have rendered all the first aid they can they should monitor the condition of the casualty, take notes of the casualty’s condition and any changes that may occur and convey this to professional medical help when it arrives. Trainer highlights things to note or monitor at this stage may include: Their pulse and respiration and any changes in them Color of and any changes in the color of the casualty’s skin Mention made by the casualty of pain including location of the pain, type of pain and degree of pain Requests for anything – warmth, liquid/drinks, pain relief How long casualty was unconscious Comments made relating to cause of the injury.

When monitoring casualty: Reassure them Ensure professional medical help is on way Do not allow smoking Do not give or allow them alcohol (Continued) Trainer states to trainees that when monitoring a casualty and waiting for professional help to arrive they should: Reassure the casualty they are doing fine and everything will be alright Double-check someone has called for professional medical personnel to attend Do not give them cigarettes or allow them to smoke Do not give them alcohol.

Do not give food Avoid giving liquids Keep crowds and onlookers away Keep them still Protect them from natural elements. Trainer continues to provide instruction on what to do when monitoring casualty: Do not give them food Generally speaking, avoid giving liquids with the exception of water to wet the lips Keep crowds and onlookers away Keep them still Protect them from the natural elements, where necessary (sun, rain).

Seek assistance from others
Ask for help from: Other staff Members of the public Bystanders and onlookers Friends and family members of casualty. Trainer notes in all first aid situations there can be a need to call on others who are not professional medical people to help provide the basic first aid necessary in an emergency situation. Trainer identifies that in addition to volunteers, assistance at the scene may be sought from: Other staff and colleagues Members of the public such as passers by Bystanders and onlookers Friends or family members of casualty.

When seeking help from others: Do not be afraid of asking for help Most people will help if asked Get them to confirm professional help has been called for If one person refuses, ask someone else. Trainer presents points to consider when asking for help: Never be afraid to ask for help – from anyone Most people are prepared to help even if they do not know what to do. They will do what you tell them or ask them to do A vital thing they can do is to confirm professional medical help is on the way If one person refuses to help, ask someone else. Never assume just because one person has refused, everyone will refuse

People may be asked to: Give information about causes of injury Provide directions to emergency services Contact friends or relatives of the casualty Help carry or move the casualty (Continued) Trainer identifies ‘others’ may be asked to: Give information about causes of the incident or injury Provide directions to emergency services to help them get quickly to the scene Contact friends or relatives of the casualty so they can attend and perhaps provide history about the casualty Help carry or move the casualty.

Help protect casualty Communicate with emergency services Record verbal information you give them Obtain first aid requisites for you. Trainer continues to identify what ‘others’ may be asked to do when a casualty is being given first aid: Help protect the casualty from the weather or further injury Communicate with emergency services to provide them with updates Communicate with emergency services to obtain advice and direction Record verbal information you give them – vital signs and condition of casualty Obtain first aid requisites for you such as fetching bandages, slings and other needs from the first aid room or main office.

When seeking assistance: Do so quickly Ask questions Thank them Give them something to do. Trainer advises trainees to always identify potential helpers as soon as possible when they arrive on scene recommending the use of questions such as: “Does anyone have first aid experience/qualifications?” “Can anyone here help me if I need help?” “Does anyone have a cell phone?” Trainer notes it is best to have people ready to help and not need to use them than it is to not have identified possible helpers, and then find there is a need for them. Call out for help if necessary. Trainer recommends when helpers have been identified: Thank them Ask them to stand where you can communicate readily with them Give them a job; get them to hold something, take notes, control the crowd, or provide shade. Class Activity – Simulation Trainer asks trainees to practice asking bystanders for help on arrival at a first aid situation.

Record accidents and injuries
After an incident there may be a need to complete: An Incident Report An Injury Register. Trainer advises trainees that most employers will require documentation of any instance where there has been a need to administer first aid to a customer/guest or another member of staff. Trainer identifies documentation may include: Incident Report Injury Register. Class Activity – Handouts and discussion Trainer provides handouts of sample Incident Report and Injury Register identifying, explaining and giving examples of information to be supplied/completed.

Enterprise procedures and requirements: Must be a written report Must be completed as soon as possible Must be in an approved form Must record names of those involved (Continued) Trainer states enterprise procedures regarding the recording of accidents and injuries can vary between employers and venues but commonly includes: A written record is required. A verbal report only is normally unacceptable It must be completed ‘as soon as possible’, commonly within 24 hours maximum It must be in a form approved by the organisation using the designated form or register Names of those involved must be recorded – the injured, witnesses and responders.

Must record date and time Must identify location of event or incident Must describe action taken Must identify causal factors, if known Report must be forwarded as directed. Trainer continues to identify enterprise procedures regarding the recording of accidents and injuries : Times and dates must be recorded Location must be identified Action taken on behalf of the organisation must be recorded Causal factors should be identified Report must be forwarded to the identified person within a nominated time frame. Class Activity – Practical Exercise: Completion of Incident Report Trainer directs trainees to complete the sample Incident Report (distributed as part of previous Activity) to record a fictitious event where they were required to provide first aid to a guest/customer. Trainees to be given freedom to identify/describe the incident and the treatment given/action taken.

Summary – Element 2 When applying basic first aid procedures:
Follow DRABC Ensure professional medical assistance has been summoned Apply rescue breathing if casualty is not breathing Place conscious casualties into the Recovery Position Apply CPR where there is no pulse (Continued) Trainer provides a recap of the Element asking questions to check trainee understanding and responding to questions from trainees, as required.

Summary – Element 2 Wear disposable gloves Run burns under cold water
Remove jewellery if possible Do not break burn blisters Check to determine if casualty has MEDIC ALERT tag Dress burns or wounds before applying splints Do not try to straighten broken limbs (Continued) Trainer provides a recap of the Element asking questions to check trainee understanding and responding to questions from trainees, as required.

Summary – Element 2 Use RICE procedures to treat sprains
Do not move a casualty with suspected neck or spinal injuries Take & record the vital signs & physical condition of the casualty Be prepared to ask others for help Complete internal records as required. Trainer provides a recap of the Element asking questions to check trainee understanding and responding to questions from trainees, as required.

Communicate details of the incident
Performance Criteria for this Element are: Request appropriate medical assistance using the most relevant & appropriate communication mechanism Convey details of casualty’s condition & first-aid management activities accurately to emergency services or relieving personnel Prepare reports to supervisors in a timely manner, presenting all relevant facts according to enterprise guidelines. Trainer identifies for trainees the Performance Criteria for this Element, as listed on the slide.

Request medical assistance
The importance of obtaining professional medical help: You are not a professional medical provider Obtain professional help before rendering first aid Summoning professional help is ‘best practice’ because it is best for the casualty. Trainer tells trainees whenever there is a need for them to provide first aid, it should be standard practice to also involve professional medical authorities. Their role should only be as a ‘first responder’ to provide emergency help, not to deliver professional medical assistance. Trainer explains it is more important to summon professional medical help than it is to render first aid. If they have to choose between obtaining professional medical help and rendering first aid, always elect to summon professional help. Trainer identifies that obtaining professional medical help is best practice because it is best for the casualty in that: It increases the likelihood of survival of the casualty It allows necessary drugs and medications to be administered to the casualty at the earliest opportunity It enables professional care to be provided as soon as possible It means the casualty can be hospitalised as soon as possible, where there is a need for this It reduces the possibility of the casualty suing the venue for breach of ‘duty of care’.

Professional medical help can be obtained by: Asking someone else to call for help Yelling out for help Flagging down a passing vehicle Activating a ‘Fire’ alarm. Always summon medical assistance. If you have to choose, delay rendering first aid until you have called for assistance. Trainer advises trainees that common sense must be used when contacting professional medical assistance and options include: Asking someone else to call for help such as a colleague, management, a bystander or member of the public while you go to the casualty or while you are rendering first aid Yelling out for help. Yell out for someone to ring an ambulance Flagging down a passing vehicle and asking them for help or to ring an ambulance If you cannot make telephone contact activating a ‘Fire’ alarm or breaking glass on a fire alarm. Trainer stresses to trainees: Never waste time thinking about whether or not to summon medical assistance – always summon medical assistance If they have to choose, delay rendering first aid until they have called for assistance.

Facilitate the arrival of emergency services or other help by: Opening gates Moving vehicles Asking others to signpost location of the casualty. Trainer tells trainees they should take whatever action they can to facilitate the arrival of emergency services or professional medical help to the casualty’s location, which may involve: Opening gates, or arranging for them to be opened Moving vehicles which may impede access Asking others to position themselves in locations to signpost the location of the casualty as emergency service workers arrive on scene.

Convey details of casualty
When speaking with emergency services to summon help: Be guided by them Speak clearly and calmly Never hang up until directed to do so. Trainer advises trainees when professional medical assistance (or a relieving first aid provider) arrives they must communicate to them all knowledge they have about the casualty, changes in their vital signs, action taken and, where appropriate and the incident giving rise to the injury. Trainer explains to trainees that when making initial contact with Emergency Services to obtain help they will require information about the incident before they send assistance so trainees must: Be guided by them. Let them ask questions and answer them as required Speak clearly and calmly Never hang up the telephone until directed to do so.

Emergency operators will want details regarding: Exact location of the casualty Number, age and gender of casualties Type of injuries and symptoms Details of first aid already given Whether situation is life threatening If you need over the telephone assistance. Trainer advises trainees emergency service telephone operators will want information about: The exact location of the casualty The number of casualties The age and gender of casualties Descriptions of injury or illness and symptoms Details of any first aid which may already been given Whether or not the situation is life threatening and if you need over the telephone assistance in rendering more first aid. Trainer reminds trainees while authorities will prefer to have all of the above information they must never delay calling them just because they are missing some of the information. Always contact them and get them moving towards you. Class Activity – Guest speaker Trainer arranges for telephone operator from Ambulance or emergency services to attend and speak to trainees about: How to contact emergency services Information to be provided Why information is required First responder action to take in an emergency Things that can or should be done to increase chances of survival of casualties Things that can or should be done to assist emergency services. Class Activity – Demonstration and practical Trainer makes simulated call to emergency services or ambulance asking them to attend. Trainees may be given the opportunity to practice same.

When assistance arrives: Identify self Allow professionals to talk or ask the questions Provide accurate information about casualty and treatment Add any other relevant information Follow instructions given to you Provide local knowledge/information. Trainer instructs trainees when emergency services or professional help arrives they should: Identify self – then be quiet! Allow them to take the lead and ask questions Provide accurate information. Tell them when you do not know, or are not sure about, and answer their questions. Advise them regarding: What you found or determined on arrival at the scene The treatment you provided Details of any movement of the casualty you were forced to make (due to impending danger) Relevant information about the casualty provided by others. For example, the family of the casualty may have advised you the casualty is deaf, a diabetic, or has just been released from hospital following a certain medical condition Refer to notes taken at the time when assessing and monitoring the casualty concerning respirations or pulse rates. Highlight changes in vital signs and other physical conditions of the casualty Add any relevant information you believe exists in relation to the casualty and/or the treatment you have provided Follow their instructions about what to do, what to hold, what to move, what to apply Supply any local or venue-specific information you believe is useful or will facilitate the treatment and/or removal of the casualty.

Prepare reports When preparing a formal report:
Refer to notes taken at the time Refer to previous records Ensure ‘facts’ are differentiated from ‘beliefs’ Identify causes and action to prevent recurrence Sign and date the report. Trainer identifies that it is standard industry practice for staff to be required by their employer to complete a report following a need to provide workplace first aid. This requirement commonly applies regardless of the reason the first aid was required, and regardless of whether it was provided to a customer, guest or staff member. Trainer indicates the report may only be a verbal report but there is often a need for a comprehensive written report. Trainer explains when preparing a report: Notes and observations taken at the time (vital signs) should be referred to Any record prepared should be used such as Incident Report, and/or Injury Register Ensure ‘facts’ are distinguished from ‘beliefs’. It is important for the report to be fact-based. Facts may relate to: Time you were advised of the incident Time of your arrival at the scene Date Location of the incident Name of casualty or casualties Time professional medical help or emergency services were called and name of person/s who called them Time professional assistance arrived on scene and name of emergency services/professional help that responded Description of the casualty when you arrived – position, vital signs, original diagnosis and reasons for same First aid action taken. Detail what was done and the sequence in which it was done Details of any action taken as a result of the fact or belief the casualty was in danger and there was a need to move the person Details of any action taken to mitigate further injury, or injury to other persons Record what happened to the casualty – ‘Taken by ambulance to XYZ hospital’ Assist the employer by: Identifying what you believe may have been the cause of the injury (where relevant) such as ‘Casualty appears to have slipped on wet floor in toilet’, or ‘Casualty was burned as a result of touching top of bain marie in dining room’ Making suggestions as to what could be done to prevent a recurrence of the incident Sign and date the report providing your contact details. Class Activity – Handout and discussion Trainer arranges for a sample report on an incident where first aid has been provided to be distributed to class, and discussed.

Prepare reports Enterprise guidelines regarding reports:
Complete as soon as possible Complete individually Complete in writing Forward to designated person by required time File for future reference. Trainer advises that Reports following the provision of first aid must be made in accordance with enterprise guidelines which may be: Completed as soon as possible after the incident – same day is essential Completed individually. Reports should be made by each staff member involved without discussion between those staff members Completed in writing. A verbal debrief or report may also occur but there should always be a hard copy or written report Forwarded to designated managers or officers (first aid supervisors; Occupational Health and Safety officials; insurers) Filed for future reference.

Summary – Element 3 When communicating details of a first aid incident: Ensure professional emergency services or medical authorities have been summoned to all events Allow telephone operators to ask for information as opposed to giving them details Use whatever local facilities or options exist to call for help (Continued) Trainer provides a recap of the Element asking questions to check trainee understanding and responding to questions from trainees, as required.

Summary – Element 3 Be proactive in seeking assistance
Facilitate the arrival of emergency services Convey casualty vital signs and physical conditions to professionals on their arrival Complete detailed internal reports to describe the incident and help prevent a recurrence. Trainer provides a recap of the Element asking questions to check trainee understanding and responding to questions from trainees, as required. Trainer thanks trainees for their attention and encourages them to apply course content as and if required in their workplace activities.

PERFORM BASIC FIRST AID PROCEDURES

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PERFORM BASIC FIRST AID PROCEDURES

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