1. AKS 44 Recap Industrialization Imperialism Nationalism
World History
AKS 44 Recap
Industrialization
Imperialism
Nationalism

2. Industrialization Factors of production
Land
Labor
Capital
Great Britain industrializes first
Access to abundant quantities of all three factors of prod.
Textile industry industrializes first – Flying shuttle, spinning jenny, etc.
Factories streamline production
Water-powered first, then steam-powered later
Impact of industrialization – see chart p. 727

3. Industrialization (cont.)
Industrialization spreads to continental Europe
France
Germany
Then to the Americas and the Unites States by beginning of 1800s
Shift in population
From rural areas to cities looking for work in factories
Industrial-age cities
Factory work was long, monotonous, dangerous
Child labor
Housing was overcrowded, unhygienic
Disease was rampant
Reform movements:
Industrial-age working conditions eventually lead to:
Child labor laws
Abolition of slavery
Increased rights for women

4. Capitalism v Socialism
Factory owners become incredibly wealthy (Bourgeoisie)
Factory workers struggle to make a living (Proletariat)
Industrial capitalism emerges – p. 734
Adam Smith
Laissez-Faire economics
Supply, demand, and the ‘invisible hand’
Opponents to capitalism:
Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels – Socialism
Bourgeoisie v. Proletariat
Predicted a Proletariat uprising and the creation of a society in which goods & services would be shared equally
See chart p. 737

5. Russia & Japan Industrialize
Later than other movements – Late 1800s
State-sponsored and very quick
Japan: Meiji government
Russia: Romanov Czars
Both modeled their industrialization techniques after those of the west.
As in the west, industrialization in these countries will eventually lead to imperialism

6. Imperialism
Industrialized nations race to claim foreign lands as colonies
As sources of raw materials
As new markets
As a source of power and prestige
Felt responsible for bringing technology to ‘un-civilized’ areas
“The White Man’s Burden”
Fueled economic/military competition among powers
Types of imperialist styles: (all on P. 780)
Direct v Indirect
Paternalism

7. Imperialism (cont.) In Africa:
European countries begin to conflict over African territory
In order to avoid war, they decide to meet in Berlin:
Berlin Conference ( )
European delegates ONLY
African continent divided among European nations (map p. 777)
Little regard for ethnic / historical boundaries & differences
Boer War
Britain v Netherlands over South African territory
Britain wins, Union of South Africa established

8. Imperialism (cont.) In India:
British first establish indirect control through the BEIC
After the Sepoy Mutiny (1857) pp , Britain takes over directly – “The Raj”
India becomes the main supplier of raw materials for British industry, and its largest market for manufactured goods.
Became known as the “Jewel in the Crown” of the British Empire
Native resentment against British rule fueled nationalism
More on this later in the unit…

9. Imperialism (cont.) In Asia China:
Unfavorable balance of trade leads the British to sell opium
High number of Chinese become addicted; Chinese government calls for the British to stop the sale of opium; British refuse
Opium War (1839 – 1842)
British military far superior to Chinese (industrialization)
1842 Treaty of Nanjing (Nanking) p. 806 signed:
British take control of Hong Kong
China forced to grant ‘extraterritorial rights’ within ‘spheres of influence’
Opium trade continued (highly lucrative)
Native resentment to foreign rule eventually leads to the Taiping Rebellion (p. 807)

10. Imperialism (cont.) In Japan
Initially forced to trade with the West after signing the Treaty of Kanagawa (1854) p. 810
Japan forced to open up its ports to western trade
Forced to grant extraterritorial rights
Rise of the Meiji (Meiji Restoration) reverses this trend
Long-term result is that Japan undergoes western-style industrialization and becomes an imperial power in Asia.
Japan occupies & annexes Korea (1907 – 1910)
Japan invades China (Sino-Japanese War) – 1895
Russ0-Japanese War ( )
Result shatters the myth of European cultural superiority
All on pp