2.  Content Focus: As Earth’s climate changed, early Africans began migrating across the continent. As they lived in new environments, they learned how to use available resources.

3.  Sahara Today a huge desert, received enough rain for grasses and other plants to grow  African savannas Grassy plains were rich in wild game, while nearby woodlands provided seasonal plants

4.  Rivers, lakes, and coasts Permanent camps along the Nile River in Northern Africa had plenty of water, wild plants, and game. Fish was caught with twine nets and bone hooks.  Nelson’s Bay Cave Hunters killed antelope, wild pigs, and seabirds. Fishers used hooks and nets.

5.  New Weapon: Bow and Arrow

6.  Content Focus: At the end of the last Ice Age, early Europeans adapted to a forest environment. They developed new tools and ways of living, and became less nomadic.

7.  Landscape changed from plains to forests.  People had hunted on wide, open plains, now they hunted game in thick forests and fished on shorelines.  Adapting: made tools that could do special jobs

8.  Baltic Sea Fishing spears, harpoons, nets, and traps. Made spear tips from stone, bone, or antlers.  People living in the forests Developed tools for making things out of wood

9.  People living along the waterways Used wooden tools for making canoes  Food became so plentiful that populations increased. As these populations increased, people moved less often.

10.  Sources of food and shelter Some made crops along rivers, lakes, and seacoasts, where sea life could be found. Others built shelters of wood and animal skins

11.  Content Focus: Between about 14,000 and 12,000 years ago, people began populating Asia and the southwestern Pacific Islands. Some began to stay longer in areas that had plentiful food.

12.  Summers: hills  Winters: rock shelters and caves near lakes.  As temperatures warmed, people moved to higher ground where soil was better for wild plants.

13.  With grains and nuts in good supply, people began to stay longer in the same places.

14. Food supply and living arrangements Wild plants and animals. Hunters killed migrating gazelles and stored the meat. People lived in shelters with reed roofs built partly underground.

15.  Tools in Japan First known clay pots for carrying water and storing food.  People living in the heavily forested areas used bamboo and stone for making tools.

16.  Tools in thick forests of southeastern Asia Sharpened bamboo proved to be a good tool and weapon.

17.  Content Focus: People in North America adapted to a variety of environments, ranging from deserts to rain forests. They adapted their technology to available resources.

18.  Used their spears to kill large Ice Age animals.  Hunted mammoths and large bison  Also ate smaller game and wild plants

19.  As the number of large Ice Age mammals began to decrease, people turned to hunting smaller animals, such as deer and small bison, using smaller spear points and tools.

20.  Desert Like Areas People camped in rock shelters and caves. Hunted desert animals, such as rabbits, and gathered wild plants.  Forests of eastern North America From trees, people got nuts and sap for food, branches for clubs and wooden spears, and bark for shelters.

21.  Mexico Some lived in large camps when food was plentiful. To survive, they learned to divide into smaller groups when food was scarce.

22.  Content Focus: People who first settled South America adapted to rain forests, mountains, and other environments. Scientists have uncovered a 12,500 year old site in Monte Verde, Chile.

23.  People migrated from North America to South America.  They migrated to: 1. The cold ocean coasts at the southern tip 2. High up in the Andes Mountains 3. The dense rainforests surrounding the Amazon River

24.  Monte Verde lies in a small river valley in what is now southern Chile.  Housing and Foods: Fireplaces for cooking. People ate many different kinds of plants, including wild potatoes, and hunted small animals as well as camel species and mastodons.

25.  Peru Caught seafood year-round (thousands of anchovies). They also relied on plant foods.  Brazil A cave provided shelter for early people. Depended mostly on plants. Found Brazil nuts and palm seeds