1. American Indians
USI.3
4/22/2017

2. Lesson 1
Archaeologists

3. SOL
USI.3a: Describing how archaeologists have recovered material evidence of ancient settlements including Cactus Hill

4. Essential Question

5. What do I Need to Know?

6. Archaeologists study human behavior and culture through the recovery and analysis of artifacts.

7. Scientists are not in agreement as to when and how people entered the Western Hemisphere.

8. Cactus Hill is located on the Nottoway River in southeastern Virginia.

9. Evidence that humans lived at Cactus Hill as early as 15,000 years ago makes it one of the oldest sites in North America.

10. Location of Cactus Hill, 70 km (45 miles) south of Richmond, Virginia

11.  Archaeologist Joseph McAvoy (right) and Lynn McAvoy work at Cactus Hill.

12. The Cactus Hill site

13. The Cactus Hill stratigraphy

14. Samples of pre-Clovis stone tools from the lowest (oldest) level of the Cactus Hill Site.

15. Location of American Indians
Lesson 2
Location of American Indians

16. USI.3a: locate where the American Indians lived.
SOL
USI.3a: locate where the American Indians lived.

17. How do people use the physical environment to meet their basic needs?
Essential Question
How do people use the physical environment to meet their basic needs?

18. Geographic Features
Geographic features like the land, rivers, and climate influence where humans settled.

19. What Do I Need To Know?
The physical features of a region such as climate and natural resources affect how humans meet their basic needs.

20. Anticipation Guide (HOOK)
1. How did people get to North America from Asia and why did they come?
Where did they settle?
How did they determine what they would use for shelter and clothing?
What types of homes did they live in?
What did they wear?
How did they adapt (adjust) to their surroundings?

21. Early Migration How did the First Americans get here? Ice Age
Bering Strait
Land Bridge

22. Beringia land bridge: possible migration route

23. Bering Strait
Bering evolution

24. American Indians
Prior to the arrival of Europeans, American Indians were dispersed across different environments in North America.

25. USI.3A – GROUPS & LOCATION OF EACH
KWAKIUTL
“Indian” (1)

26. Inuit Inhabited present-day Alaska and northern Canada
Lived in Arctic areas (below freezing much of the year)

27. Inuit
Dress warm
The walrus, seal, and other fur-bearing sea mammals supply food and clothing. Caribou was hunted in the summer. Lived in igloos.

28. THE INUIT (Eskimo – “eaters of raw meat”)
Homes were Igloos, made of ice blocks
Lived in Alaska & Northern Canada
Ate reindeer & sea animals
Wore furs and feathers

29. Eskimo (Inuit) Igloo

30. Kwakiutl Pacific Northwest coast Rainy mild climate
Fishing and hunting (could catch enough fish during the summer for the whole winter).

31. Kwakiutl
Plank Houses with totem poles

32. THE KWAKIUTL Lived in WA, OR, & Northern CA Lived in plank houses
Wore plants, animal skin, natural fibers, etc.
Ate fish and water fowl

33. Sioux/Lakota Interior of the United States (Great Plains)
Dry grasslands
Lived in tepees

34. The plains area was hotter than 100° in the summer and could get to 40° below zero in the winter.
Horses
Hunted buffalo

35. THE SIOUX/LAKOTA Lived in tepees Lived on the Great Plains
Ate buffalo meat
Wore hides, etc.

36. Pueblo The Pueblo were in the Southwest
Present-day New Mexico and Arizona.
Desert areas and areas bordering cliffs and mountains.

37. Pueblo
Homes made out of sand and adobe. They were farmers.

38. THE PUEBLO Anasazi? Ate “3 sisters”: corn, beans, & squash
Lived in adobe houses or cliff dwellings
4 Corners Region of US
Also ate rabbits & deer

39. Pueblo Bonito in New Mexico

41. Pueblo Indians

43. Anasazi cliff dwellers

44. Cliff dwellers

47. Iroquois Northeast North America Eastern Woodland Heavily forested
Farmers who lived in longhouses or wigwams.

48. THE IROQUOIS Eastern Woodlands Indians Ate beans, corn, & squash
Lived in “Longhouses”

49. Iroquois longhouse

50. Iroquois people

53. Location! Location! Location!

54. Conclusion
Members of these tribes live in their homelands and in many areas of North America today.

55. Write to Learn
Describe one of the tribes of American Indians. Include type of home, food source, clothing, etc.

56. How American Indians Used Their Environment
Lesson 3
How American Indians Used Their Environment

57. SOL
Describe how the American Indians used the resources in their environment.

58. How do people use the physical environment to meet their basic needs?
Essential Question
How do people use the physical environment to meet their basic needs?

59. What Do I Need to Know?
The physical features of a region such as climate and natural resources affect how humans meet their basic needs.

60. In the past, American Indians fished, hunted, and harvested crops for food. Clothing was made from animal skins and plants. Their shelter was made of resources found in their environment (e.g. sod, stones, animal skins, wood)

61. Types of Resources Natural Resources: come directly from nature
American Indians fished in rivers, hunted animals, and grew crops

62. Types of Resources
Human Resources: People working to produce goods and services
American Indians who fished, made clothing, and hunted animals were examples of human resources

63. Types of Resources
Capital Resources: goods produced and used to make other goods and services
The canoes, bows, and spears were examples of capital resources

64. USI.3B

65. Write to Learn
What did the American Indians use to get their food, clothing, and shelter.

66. Quick Quiz
USI.3

67. 1. How did the American Indians get to North America from Asia?
Land Bridge over the Bering Strait

68. Who lives in the Artic areas of Alaska?
Inuit

69. Where did the Inuits get their food and clothing?
fur-bearing sea
mammals

70. 4. What type of climate is on the Northwest coast?
Rainy, mild

71. Who lives on the Pacific Northwest coast?
Kwakiutl

72. What jobs did the Kwakiutl do?
hunting and fishing

73. What types of houses did the Kwakiutl live in?
plank houses

74. Who lives in the Great Plains?
Sioux

75. What type of climate is in the Great Plains?
dry grasslands

76. What animal was very important to the survival of the Sioux?
buffalo

77. What type of homes did the Sioux live in?
tepees

78. Who lived in the desert areas of New Mexico?
Pueblo

79. What were the homes of the pueblo made of?
adobe clay

80. How did the Pueblo meet their basic needs with food?
farming, hunting

81. Who lived in the heavily forested areas of Northeast North America?
Iroquois (Eastern Woodland)

82. What type of homes did the Iroquois live in?
longhouses

83. The Iroquois meet their basic needs by
hunting, fishing, farming

84. What kind of resource comes from nature?
Natural Resource

85. 19. People who fished or made clothing is an example of what type of resource?
Human Resource

86. Canoes, bows, and spears are example of what resource?
Capital Resource