1. The Spine, Pelvis and Hip Applied Kinesiology 420:151

2. Agenda Introduction to the spine Articulations of the spine Pelvic girdle Hip joint Combined movements of the spine, pelvic girdle and hip

3. Intro to the Spine Functions of the spine Stability Mobility Support Protection Spinal cord Shock

4. Intro to the Spine Spine structure: 5 regions: Cervical Thoracic Lumbar Sacral Coccyx

5. 7 12 5 5 4 Fused Anteriorly convex  Due to gravity Anteriorly concave  Birth Exaggeration = kyphosis, Lateral deviation = scoliosis Anteriorly convex  Due to gravity Exaggeration = lordosis Anteriorly concave  Birth Figure 9.1

6. Cervicothoracic junction Thoracolumbar junction Lumbosacral junction High mobility  greatest potential for injury C1 L5 Progressive increase in size Structure  Function

7. Intro to the Spine Other facts: Vertebrae  stabilized via ligaments and muscles Intervertebral disks  shock

8. Agenda Introduction to the spine Articulations of the spine Pelvic girdle Hip joint Combined movements of the spine, pelvic girdle and hip

9. Articulations of the Spine Anterior portion Posterior portion Vertebral bodies Intervertebral disks Processes Figures 7.2, 7.3, Knutzen & Hamill, 2004

10. Anterior Articulations Intervertebral joints  vertebral bodies and intervertebral disks Joint classification  cartilagenous Joint structure: No joint cavity, capsule, synovial membrane, synovial fluid Intervertebral disks  “squishing” = multiaxial ball and socket

11. Figure 7.5, Knutzen & Hamill, 2004 Circumduction?

12. Figure 7.6, Knutzen & Hamill, 2004

13. Posterior Articulations Facet joints (apophyseal joints)  Inferior and superior articular facets Joint classification: Diarthrodial nonaxial joint (gliding) Joint structure: Joint cavity, capsule, synovial membrane, synovial fluid Two facet joints b/w each vertebrae  except sacrum and coccyx

14. Small movement  additive effect = Large movement Resultant movement  orientation of facets Orientation of facets different at each region

15. Cervical Spine Facets: 45°  Transverse Parallel  Frontal Spinous processes short  Sagittal freedom Atlanto-axial  Most rotation

16. Thoracic Spine Facets: 60°  Transverse 20°  Frontal Movement similar to cervical Limited by: Large spinous processes Costal attachments

17. Lumbar Spine Facets: 90°  Transverse 45°  Frontal Enhanced F/E due to short spinous processes Limited lateral and rotation Facets between L5 and sacrum change to prevent slippage

18. Other Special Joints Antlanto-occipital joint Joint classification: Diarthrodial condyloid (biaxial) Joint function: Great F/E, little lateral and no rotation Atlanto-axial joint Joint classification: Diarthrodial pivot (uniaxial) Joint function: Rotation only

19. Putting it all Together A little bit of movement at each vertebrae  additive effect = a lot of mobility True for both anterior and posterior articulations

22. Agenda Introduction to the spine Articulations of the spine Pelvic girdle Hip joint Combined movements of the spine, pelvic girdle and hip

23. Pelvic Girdle Facts Functions of the pelvic girdle Shock absorption Protection Muscle attachment Movement Functionally dependent Connected anteriorly and posteriorly The “keystone” Responds to hip/thigh movement

24. Pelvic Girdle Facts Made up of three bones fused at puberty Pelvic girdle can move in all three cardinal planes

25. Pelvic Girdle Articulations Sacroiliac joints (SI) Posterior link Pubic symphisis Anterior link

26. Pelvic Girdle Articulations: Sacroiliac Joints Classification: Diarthrodial nonaxial Joint structure: Strong ligaments however some movement occurs Joint function: Transmission of upper body load to hip Shock absorption Male vs. female differences: Hormones C of G differences

27. Pelvic Girdle Articulations: Pubic Symphisis Joint classification: Cartilagenous Joint structure: Fibrocartilage Joint function: Very little movement (shock absorption) Labor and delivery

28. Agenda Introduction to the spine Articulations of the spine Pelvic girdle Hip joint Combined movements of the spine, pelvic girdle and hip

29. Hip Joint Facts Stable joint Ligaments Muscles Acetabular labrum (fibrocartilage) Mobile joint Pelvic girdle

30. Hip Joint Joint classification: Diarthrodial multiaxial ball and socket Joint function: Highly moveable joint in all three cardinal planes.

31. Agenda Introduction to the spine Articulations of the spine Pelvic girdle Hip joint Combined movements of the spine, pelvic girdle and hip

32. Combined Movements No specific muscles for pelvic girdle movements Pelvis is the keystone b/w trunk and thighs Standing (thighs stable) vs supine/prone/hanging (trunk stable)

33. Standing When anterior pelvic tilt occurs: Lumbar extension Hip flexion When posterior pelvic tilt occurs: Lumbar flexion Hip extension When lateral pelvic tilt occurs: Unilateral limb movement in frontal plane Lateral lumbar flexion When transverse pelvic rotation occurs: Unilateral limb movement in sagittal plane Lumbar rotation Standing on left leg with right hip flexed? Extended?

34. Supine/Prone/Hanging? Supine: Flex both thighs (knees bent/straight)? Curl-up? Prone: Extend both thighs? Hanging: Flex both thighs? Extend both thighs?