1. Vocal Music cont… Renaissance Ballett (Fa-La)
Simpler than madrigal, dance-like
For several solo voices
Homophonic (a contrast to most Ren. music), melody in highest voice
Same music repeated for each verse/stanza, syllables “fa-la” used as refrain
Also originated in Italy, cultivated in England

2. LISTENING TO BALLETT Now Is the Month of Maying (1595) Thomas Morley
See books pg. 113

3. INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC
Early 1500’s: inst. music was largely adapted from vocal music.
Harpsichord, organ, lute
Lute –
plucked string
instrument with
body shaped
like half a pear

4. Late 1500’s (16th c.): more music written specifically for inst.
Mostly intended for dancing (common pass time)
Everyone expected to know how, taught by professional dance masters
Popular dances:
pavane or passamezzo (duple meter)
Galliard (triple meter)

5. Instrumental Music, cont…
musicians distinguished between loud, outdoor instruments like trumpet, and shawm (ancestor of oboe), and soft, indoor inst. like lute and recorder.

6. Other inst. of the Renaissance
Cornett – wooden, cup-shaped mouthpiece

7. Sackbut – early trombone

8. Viols – pretty obvious
Regals (small organ with reed pipes)

9. Passamezzo (or pavane) – stately dance in duple meter
This recording includes bowed strings, plucked strings, woodwinds, brasses, keyboard ints., timpani.
3 sections (abc), each immediately repeated louder, with more instruments (a a’ b b’ c c’)

10. Galliard – carefree dance in triple meter
Same melody as our passamezzo, more upbeat
Smaller ensemble: bowed strings, plucked strings, woodwinds, harpsichord
3 short sections, each ending with a cadence and brief pause, then repeated more fully (just like pavane)
But then, each section is repeated in succession at the end.
a a’ b b’ c c’ a’ b’ c’

11. Passamezzo and Galliard from Terpsichore
Michael Praetorius ( )
From collection of over 300 dances

12. Renaissance Pavane
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13. Chapter 4: The Venetian School
From Renaissance to Baroque
Venice, Italy:
center of
Western
music in
16th c.

14. Venice: seaport built on tiny islands separated by canals
Thriving commercial center for trade between Europe and near east.

15. Focal point for music in Venice:
St. Mark’s Cathedral
wealthy, colorful, employed up to 50 musicians

16. Famous music directors of St. Mark’s
Adrian Willaert (about )
Andrea Gabrieli (about )
his nephew, Giovanni Gabrieli
Among the finest comp. of the Ren.
Along with their colleagues, called the
Venetian School

17. Venetian School
Composers inspired by unique architectural feature of St. Mark’s Cathedral:
2 widely separated choir lofts, each with an organ
Wrote music for several choruses and groups of instruments (cori spezzati)
Becomes mostly homophonic
1st time we see choral music with specifically instrumental parts – the biggest factor in turning us toward the Baroque era!

18. Giovanni Gabrieli (about 1555-1612)
Native of Venice
Most important Venetian composer
of late Ren.
Organist at St. Mark’s 1585-death
Composed organ, instrumental and polychoral motets
His polychoral motets call for two to five choirs
the Polychoral Motet
Plaudite (Clap Your Hands, 1597)

19. Plaudite (Clap Your Hands, 1597)
the Polychoral Motet
Plaudite (Clap Your Hands, 1597)
Joyful
Large vocal ensemble of 12 voice parts in 3 choirs
Instrumental ensemble (choice of inst. left to performers)
Exploits “stereophonic” possibilities of St. Mark’s by rapidly tossing short phrases among 3 separate choirs.
Choirs also combine for massive sonority (sound)
Dynamic contrast within this piece is a sign of what comes next in the Baroque.

20. VOCABULARY REVIEW Motet Renaissance Individualism Mass “Universal man”
Humanism
Realism
Linear Perspective
Text Painting/Word Painting
Imitation
Consonance/Dissonance
A cappella
Motet
Mass
Kyrie, Gloria, Credo,
Sanctus, Agnus Dei
Josquin Desprez
Imitation
Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina
Protestant Reformation
Counter-Reformation

21. Council of Trent
Madrigal
Thomas Weelkes
Ballett
Thomas Morley
Pavane/Passamezzo
Galliard
Lute
Cornett
Sackbut
Shawm
Recorder
Regal
Michael Praetorius
Venice, Italy
St. Mark’s Cathedral
Venetian School
Giovanni Gabrieli
Cori spezzati
Polychoral motet

22. UNIT III PRESENTATIONS
Exploration: Columbus, da Gama, Magellan
Kieryn
Claire
Chris
Taimoor
Art: da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael
Emma
Aaron
Sami
Ryan
Literature: William Shakespeare
Anna
Andrew
Nathan
Nick
Technology: Movable Type Printing Press, Gutenberg Bible
Kalyn
Julian
Blake
Jacob
Religion: Martin Luther and the Protestant Reformation
Dominique
Phil
Alec
Bilal