1. Nationalism Review

2. Simon Bolivar and Miguel Hidalgo, leaders of Latin American independence movements, were inspired by successful revolutions in
the Untied States and France
the Soviet Union and China
Cuba and Costa Rica
Egypt and Kenya

3. 3pts
Explain how the Revolutionary War in the United States and the French Revolution are connected to nationalism in other parts of the world

4. During the early 1800’s, which was a major influence on the struggle for political independence in Latin America?
poor conditions in urban centers in Latin America
the American and French Revolutions
the desire of the Roman Catholic Church in Latin America to escape European control
demands by Latin American workers to own their own factories

5. 5pts Define the following (the 1800’s definitions) Conservative
Liberal
Radical

6. Document 2: Giuseppe Garibaldi, the “sword” of Italian unification, added the southern Kingdom of the Two Sicilies to Italy in He describes his “Red Shirts” with these words.
Where any of our brothers are fighting for liberty, there all Italians must hasten! — such was your motto. Let him who loves his country in his heart, and not with his lips only, follow me.
Question: What is Garibaldi trying to accomplish in this speech? 2pts

7. One similarity in the leadership of Latin Americas Jose de San Martin, Toussaint l’Ouverture, Bernanrdo O’Higgins, and Pedro I was that each leader
opposed United States intervention in Haiti
led a struggle to gain freedom for the people of his nation
opposed membership of his nation in the League of Nations
established an absolute monarchy in his nation

8. This statement was most likely made by
“I will never allow my hands to be idle nor my soul to rest until I have broken the chains laid upon us by Spain.”
This statement was most likely made by
a Latin American nationalist
a Portuguese explorer
a Roman Catholic bishop
a Spanish conquistador

9. 3pts
Put the following in the correct order you would find their status in a Spanish Colony
Native Americans
Peninsulares
Creoles
Mesitzos
Mulattos
Africans

10. Which of these situations was the direct result of the other three?
nations of Latin America won independence
revolutions occurred in North America and France
the Napoleonic wars weakened Spain’s power
creoles and mestizos became discontented with Spanish rule

11. The 19th-century independence movements in Latin America were influenced by
Marxist ideology
the Aztec wars against Hernando Cortez
liberation theology
the American and the French Revolutions

12. 3pts Briefly sum up the revolution in Haiti
Be sure to name the revolution’s leader

13. Simon Bolivar, Toussaint L’Overture, and Bernardo O’Higgins were Latin American leaders of
economic development
educational reforms
independence movements
colonial expansion

14. 3pts Briefly describe the revolution in Mexico
Be sure to mention at least one of the revolution’s leaders

15. In which region of the world did the American Revolution and the French Revolution have the greatest influence during the 1800’s?
Southeast Asia
Latin America
South Asia
sub-Saharan Africa

16. Simón Bolívar, José de San Martín, and Toussaint l’Ouverture are important in Latin American history because they were
20th-century caudillos
leaders of liberation movements
members of the Organization of American States (OAS)
winners of the Nobel Peace Prize

17. 5pts
Briefly describe the two main leaders of the Latin American nationalistic revolutions and their contributions.

18. Use the following quote to answer the question.
“A country is not merely a geographic territory. A country is also the idea given birth by the geographic territory. A country is a sense of love that unites, as one, all the sons and daughters of that geographic territory…”
--World History: A Story of Progress
This quotation supports the idea of
totalitarian rule
absolute monarchy
mercantilism
nationalism

19. Document 1: This excerpt is from Count Cavour who was named prime minister of Piedmont-Sardinia in As a diplomat, he provided the “brains” of Italian unification.
Question: What action did Cavour recommend in this excerpt? 2pts
We ardently wish to free Italy from foreign rule We want to drive out the foreigners not only because we want to see our country powerful and glorious, but because we want to elevate the Italian people in intelligence and moral development.

20. In a number of European countries in the 1800’s, which situation occurred as a result of the influence of the French Revolution?
increase in religious conflict
rise of nationalistic movements
decentralization of governmental power
economic depression

21. Nationalism is most likely to develop in an area that has
land suited to agriculture
adequate industry to supply consumer demands
a moderate climate with rivers for irrigation
common customs, language, and history

22. Nationalism is best defined as
the achievement of world peace and global understanding
the desire to take over other societies by force
a method of solving basic economic problems of the society
the loyalty of a people to their values, traditions, and a geographic region

23. 2pts
Define impressionism

24. Question: Describe Bismarck’s method for uniting Germany. 2pts
Document 3: These words were spoken by Otto von Bismarck, who some people feel single-handedly unified Germany and started it on its road to greatness. He explains the process for unification of Germany.
I had shown plainly the direction in which I was going. Prussia could no longer carry alone the power
that Germany required for its security. That must be equally distributed over all German peoples. We
would get not nearer our goal by speeches, associations, or decisions by the majority. We would not be
able to avoid serious contest with Austria. This contest could only be settled by blood and iron. There is
one way to guarantee our success. The deputies must place the greatest possible weight of blood and iron in the hands of the King of Prussia.
Question: Describe Bismarck’s method for uniting Germany. 2pts

25. The best example of the success of nationalism in Europe is the
development of socialism in France
Industrial Revolution in Great Britain
establishment of the Common Market
unification of Germany

26. What country/region is each individual from? 1pt each
Simon Bolivar,
Jose Maria Morelos
Giuseppe Garibaldi
Toussaint L’Overture,
Otto von Bismarck
Bernardo O’Higgins
Count Cavour
José de San Martín
Miguel Hidalgo

27. Which was a major political change in Latin America in the 19th century?
The political power of the Roman Catholic Church was eliminated.
The right to vote was extended to all people.
Political power was no longer held by people of European ancestry.
Strong nationalistic feelings led to many new nations

28. 2pts
Define realism

29. During the Latin American colonial period, political and economic power in most colonies under Spanish rule was held primarily by
parties representing workers and peasants
people who were born in Spain and their descendants
Indian tribal leaders
people of mixed Indian and Spanish ancestry

30. Use the following quotes to answer the question.
“Juarez Defeats French Troops in Mexico”
“Bolívar Leads Revolutions in South America”
“San Martin Liberates Argentina”
These newspaper headlines refer to the emergence of
colonialism
nationalism
Marxism
mercantilism

31. 2pts
Define romanticism

32. Where are the Balkans? 5pts