1. Governments and Athens / Sparta
History Alive
Governments and Athens / Sparta

2. Monarchy
Under a monarchy, the power to make political decisions is in the hands of the King or Queen
Kings elected Dynasties
Make laws / levy taxes --- Provide Protection
Due to wars, kings could not provide protection --- small groups of people took over

3. Oligarchy A few people --- wealthy landowners (Aristocracy)
Rich got richer – Poor got poorer
Rich looked out for each other (laws favored rich)
Poor turned to others who controlled the army for leadership

4. Tyranny A tyrant or unlawful ruler
Has the support or control of the military
Some become cruel or harsh
Solon – outlawed debt slavery
Draco – Very strict laws and punishments
most often punishment was death
“Draconian Law”

5. Democracy People (citizens – free adult males)
All citizens share power – allowed to vote
Direct vs. Indirect (Representative)
Direct – all citizens vote on all issues
Indirect – we vote for representatives
“idiot” – one who has the right to vote but does not

6. Why was Athens Called a Democracy?
Citizens – all free males over 18
Could vote
Council of 500
Assembly (larger)
Direct Democracy

7. How did Athenians get the goods they needed for everyday life
Marketplace called the agora
Developed its own coins

8. How did Athenians train the minds and bodies of boys
Boys and girls educated differently
Boys – book learning and physical training
gymnastics and wrestling
some had private teachers
reading, writing, math, lit.
Girls – cook, clean, spin thread, weave cloth

9. How were women and slaves treated in Athens
Could not inherit or own property
Could not vote
Most took care of the home (raised kids)
Never went out alone
Supervised slaves
Slaves
Performed many jobs
Taught children
Many had skilled jobs

10. Why was Sparta called an Oligarchy?
30 people ruled
2 kings
Other 28 were elected
Council of Elders – real power
At least 60 years old

11. How did Spartans get the goods they needed for everyday life?
Took land by force
Some fertile land
Slaves (Helots) produced goods
Got slaves by conquering others
Equals, Half Citizens, Helots (slaves)

12. How did Spartans train boys and girls so they could protect the city-state?
Start at 7
Let sick kids die
Retirement at age 60
Discipline and strength
Be tough or else

13. How were women and slaves treated in Sparta?
Strong, healthy, ready to fight
Took care of property in war
Protect Sparta
Had some rights (property / remarry)
Slave
Set free if they fought
Treated poorly, often killed
Some rights
Helots (80% of Sparta)