1. ANCIENT ROME

2. ROME’S BEGINNINGS
The Capitoline Wolf sculpture depicts a she-wolf suckling Romulus and Remus, Rome's legendary founders. Now a symbol of Rome.

3. Legends
Much of Rome’s early history comes from legends. The legends may not be totally accurate but are useful in giving the qualities and values the early Romans admired.

4. Romulus Founder of Rome in 753 BCE First of seven kings
Started Rome’s first army and government

5. Numa Pompilius Rome’s second king Brought peace to Rome
Founded Rome’s religion

6. Etruscans Rome’s powerful neighbors to the north from Etruria
Were wealthy traders
Controlled Rome from 575 – 509 BCE
Gave the Romans their alphabet and the “arch”
Rome becomes a walled city with paved roads
Built Circus Maximus, Temple of Jupiter, Cloaca Maxima

7. Tarquin the Proud Seventh and last king
Was cruel and terrorized his people
Ignored the Senate
509 BCE Romans rebel and send him into exile

8. GEOGRAPHY of ROME

10. Rome was a city-state in Italy
2)Rome’s climate is a Mediterranean climate with summers being hot and dry and winters being wet and mild

11. 3) known as Latins, spoke Latin, were herders and farmers, harvested wheat, grapes, and olives

12. 4) Etruscan city-states were to the north of Rome and south of Rome were Greek colonies

13. Built on hills – made it hard to attack
On Tiber River – transportation route, resources
15 miles from the sea – safe from others’ navies and storms
Center of Italy – could easily get to other places in Italy and in the Mediterranean

14. Mare Nostrum means “our sea” – eventually Rome controls all of the lands around the Mediterranean Sea

15. THE ROMAN REPUBLIC

16. PATRICIANS
The upper class – wealthy landowners
Very small group – 5% of the population
Chose the king’s advisors
Controlled the most valuable land, held the key military and religious offices
PLEBEIANS
The lower class – peasants, laborers, artisans, shopkeepers
Very large group – 95% of the population
Very few privileges and say
Paid most of the taxes and served in the army.

17. A Republic form of government’s purpose is to serve the people
A Republic form of government’s purpose is to serve the people. It was established in Rome when the Patricians overthrew the last monarch/king Tarquin the Proud because King Tarquin wanted more power and was cruel.
The Conflict of the Orders is when the Plebeians demanded more political rights because the Patricians were controlling almost everything since Tarquin’s removal.

18. Some Major Differences Between the Patricians and the Plebeians
Patricians could only be consuls or senators, they made and interpreted the laws, small group, wealthy, etc.
Plebeians paid the heavy taxes, were the soldiers, had no political powers, were the labor force, large group

19. The conflict between the Plebeians and the Patricians was resolved over time by the Plebeians would leave Rome and refuse to work or serve in the military and the Patricians would compromise with the Plebeians by giving them some power and say in the government each time this happened.

20. Rights gained by the Plebeians over the years:
Tribunes of the Plebs to represent their interests to the Senate
Council of Plebs that could make laws only about themselves
All laws were written down – The Twelve Tables
One consul had to be a plebeian – in this way it was possible for a plebeian to become a senator
Eventually could make laws that everyone (patricians and plebeians) must obey/follow

21. The Roman Republic

22. CONSULS One patrician and one plebeian Head/leaders of the Republic
Run the day to day affairs of Rome and command its army

23. SENATORS Three hundred patricians and ex-plebeian consuls
They can make and veto laws about everyone
Advised the consuls

24. Tribunes of the Plebs
Ten plebeians who represent plebeian interests to the senate
Advised the consuls
They can make and veto laws about everyone

25. Citizens Assemblies Made up of all adult male Roman citizens
Nominated people to be the consuls, to be members of the senate, and to be a Tribunes of the Plebs
Approved or rejected all new laws

26. ROME’S EXPANSION

27. The Punic Wars

29. Conquest Goes Well

30. took great pride in their Republic and
defended it
treated conquered groups as allies
the Roman army was disciplined and
experienced
military success was greatly valued and
admired by Romans
winning wars was a great source of wealth
to the Romans – land, valuables, slaves, etc.

31. Trouble at Home

32. farmers would be gone a long time fighting
wealthy were controlling all of the land
there were many poor and unemployed people
in Rome
Roman leaders quarreled and, at times, killed
one another
5) the slaves rebelled

33. Fall of the Roman Republic

34. CAUSE
Rapid expansion of the Roman Empire
EFFECT
Gap between the rich and poor grows

35. CAUSE
Greedy, dishonest leaders
EFFECT
The poor felt no loyalty to the Roman government who was keeping them poor

36. CAUSE
The poor felt no loyalty to the Roman government who was keeping them poor
EFFECT
Conflicts between rich and poor people grow

37. CAUSE
Professional soldiers who were poor citizens and only made money if they won a battle
EFFECT
Soldiers only loyal to the generals who paid them

38. CAUSE
Power hungry generals fight one another for control of government
EFFECT
Caesar’s rivals fear he is becoming too powerful and declare him a public enemy

39. EFFECT
Civil War breaks out for three years
CAUSE
Caesar crosses the Rubicon River and brings his army with him to Rome

40. EFFECT
This ends the Republican system of government in Rome
CAUSE
Caesar defeats Pompey and declares himself dictator