1. Animal Farm George Orwell Karl Marx George Orwell Boxer

2. SYMBOLISM/PARALLELS Revolution was supposed to make life better; life was worse in the end for everyone Mr. Jones : 1.Irresponsible to animals 2.Sometimes Cruel/Kind: would give animals milk & mash Old Major 1.Taught Animalism 2.Animal workers revolt 3.Dies before Revolution Animalism 1.No owners, no rich, no poor 2.All animals equal 3.Everyone owns the Farm Czar Nicholas II: 1.Poor leader 2.Cruel: brutal to opponents Kind: hired students Karl Marx 1.Invented Communism 2.“Workers of World Unite” 3.Dies before Revolution Communism 1.Same 2.All people equal 3.Gov’t owns all; people own gov’t

3. Snowball 1.Young,smart,good speaker 2.Really wants better life for all 3.One of Revolution’s Leaders 4.Chased into exile by dogs Napoleon 1.Not as clever/speaker like Snowball 2.Cruel,brutal,selfish,corrupt 3.Power-hungry;killed foes 4.Used dogs, Squealer, Moses to control animals Leon Trotsky 1.“October Revolution” Leader 2.Pure Communist:followed Marx 3.Wanted to improve Russian life 4.Chased away by Lenin’s KGB Joseph Stalin 1.Not as educated/speaker like Trotsky 2.Same as Napoleon; didn’t follow ideals of Marx 3.Power-hungry; killed foes 4.Used KGB, organized church, and propaganda to control

4. Squealer 1.Big Mouth; talks a lot 2.Convinces Animals to believe/follow Napoleon 3.Changes/Manipulates commandments The Dogs 1.Private army that used fear 2.Killed/intimidated Napoleon’s opponents 3.One part of Napoleon’s strategy of control Propaganda Dep’t 1.Enhanced Stalin’s image 2.Used any lie to convince people to follow Stalin 3.Benefited from the fact that education was controlled KGB–Secret Police 1.Private force of Stalin 2.Often killed entire families or any opponents 3.Totally loyal; part of Lenin’s power, even over Army

5. Moses the Raven 1.Tells animals about Sugar Candy Mountain (Heaven) 2.Taught Work = Heaven 3.Snowball/Major opposed him 4.Napoleon supported idea; it made animals work w/out complaint Mollie 1.Vain: loved beauty & self 2.Didn’t care/think of farm 3.Went w/anyone who gave her what she wanted Religion 1.Marx said “Opiate of the People” was a lie 2.Made people not complain, but do their work 3.Stalin tolerated religion because it made people work, prevented revolts Vain/Selfish in Russia & World 1.Didn’t care about Revolution 2.Only thought about selves 3.Went to other countries that offered more for them

6. Boxer 1.Strong, hard-working horse; believed in Animal Farm 2.“Napoleon is always right.” “I will work harder.” 3.Gives his all, but is betrayed by Napoleon: he sells him Benjamin 1.Old, wise donkey suspicious of revolution 2.Thinks “Nothing ever changes” He’s right 3.Suspicions about Boxer’s demise and sign changes are correct Loyal, but Tricked Stalin Supporters 1.Believed Stalin because he was a “Communist.” 2.Many stayed loyal even when obvious Stalin a tyrant 3.Betrayed by Stalin who ignored or killed them Skeptical In/Outside of Russia 1.Didn’t believe revolution changed anything 2.Realized crazed leader could say he’s a “Communist.” 3.Knew communism wouldn’t work w/power-hungry leaders

7. Other Symbols/Parallels Foxwood Farm (Pilkington)…England (Churchill) Pinchfield Farm (Frederick)…Germany (Hitler) Animal Farm………………….Russia/USSR Jones’ Farmhouse…………..The Kremlin Old Major’s Skull……………..Lenin’s Body Hoof & Horn on Flag…………Hammer/Sickle Chasing Away Jones………..Deposing the Czar First Animal Rebellion……….Russian Revolution Battle of Cowshed…Anti-Revolutionary Invasion Battle of Windmill...Stalingrad (German Invasion) Building of Windmill………….Five-Year Plan

8. Symbols/Parallels Cont’d Confessions/Executions...Blood Purges of ‘36-38 Napoleon Takes Over Farm…Stalin is Dictator Selling the Wood………………Nazi-Soviet Pact Mr. Whymper (Broker)………..Foreign Agents Pigeons Incite Farms…Communist Internationale Animals Not Pig or Dogs………Proletariat Four Porkers Reject Napoleon...White Russians Final Scene (Meeting Between Men and the Pigs……………Teheran Conference