1. Orwell’s Animal Farm VS. The Russian Revolution

2. Russian Society
Russia was in an appalling state of poverty while the Tsar lived in luxury. There was tremendous dissatisfaction.

3. Czar Nicholas II A poor leader at best, compared to western leaders
Cruel - sometimes brutal with opponents
Sometimes kind to the people

4. Believed he was the unquestionable leader of Russia appointed by God.
Nicholas II
Believed he was the unquestionable leader of Russia appointed by God.
Had unarmed protesters murdered in the streets in 1905.

5. THE FATHER OF COMMUNISM
Karl Marx
THE FATHER OF COMMUNISM
Marx's criticism focused on the dominant political and economic system of his time, known as "capitalism." Germany, the United States, and England were powerful nations that lived under this system, and they were exporting it--sometimes by force--over the face of the globe. Capitalism encourages competition between its citizens, and provides rewards in an unequal way. Capitalist nations defended this distribution of goods on the grounds that the factory owners had often taken risks, or mastered skills, that the meat-packer had not. Therefore, the factory owner deserved the extra benefits
The capitalist nations, he argued, allowed the wealthy few to amass huge fortunes, while the numerous poor toiled in unsafe factories for low wages, lived in wretched filth, and died before their time. Worse still, the rich denied equal opportunity to the poor, hoarding goods and reserving advantages like education and health care for themselves. Vast mansions existed alongside tenement-houses; in the one, every possible luxury could be found and every need was met, while next door whole families stuffed themselves into single rooms and ate meager rations. How could it be fair that the wealthy few had extra millions in the bank, while the masses struggled to survive, or starved to death?
Marx spoke of the dawning of a new social order based on the equal distribution of wealth and possessions among a nation's citizenry. In such a society, Marx theorized, tranquil relations would prevail between all men and women, and age-old problems like poverty, ignorance, and starvation would vanish. The rich would be compelled to yield their surplus to the poor, and individuals would produce according to their abilities, and consume according to their needs. Everyone would have what they needed, and no one citizen would possess more than another.
Casting his eye back across the arc of history, he asserted that in every era the same fundamental conflict emerged: The few well-placed and powerful sought to maintain their wealth by actively suppressing the natural desires of the many poor. These cruel circumstances were hard to change because the rich had no reason to share, and possessed the means by which to control the impoverished masses. The sheer numbers of the downtrodden represented a definitive advantage, however, and a declaration of war on their part would resolve the dispute. Marx took the view that it was the destiny of history itself that this battle should take place, and that the victorious poor would usher in an age of justice and equality.

6. Marx believed that the private ownership of land must be abolished.
Karl Marx
Marx believed that the private ownership of land must be abolished.

7. Karl Marx
Believed in “Communal” way of life where everyone shares in prosperity.

8. Karl Marx
Invented Communism
“Workers of the world unite", take over gov't
Dies before Russian Revolution

9. Government owns everything, People own government
Communism
All people equal
Government owns everything, People own government

10. Russian Revolution Occurred in October 1917
Vladmir Lenin, a major leader in the revolution, is thought to have ordered the assassination of Czar Nicholas II and his family.
Also known as the October Revolution

11. Civil War
From 1918 –1921 there was civil war. Foreign countries including Britain, France, Poland and USA were alarmed at the spread of communism but the Red Army (the Bolsheviks) led by Trotsky proved successful.

12. Vladmir Lenin
Lenin adopted Marx’s ideas. He believed that the bourgeoisie (middle class) exploited the workers and must therefore be overthrown.

13. Vladmir Lenin
Lenin understood the emotional impact of simple, powerful slogans like workers of the world unite

14. Changed Russia’s name to the USSR
Vladmir Lenin
Changed Russia’s name to the USSR

15. Death of Vladmir Lenin
When Lenin died, there was a power struggle between Trotsky and Stalin.
Trotsky cared about the people
Stalin only cared about power

16. One of the leaders of "October Revolution“ along with Lenin and Stalin
Leon Trotsky
One of the leaders of "October Revolution“ along with Lenin and Stalin
Believed in “pure” communism, followed
Marx

17. Leon Trotsky
Trotsky was a brilliant speaker. With Lenin he succeeded in overthrowing the government in October Lenin was the President, Trotsky the Commissar for Foreign Affairs (like being Secretary of State).

18. Trotsky favored world revolution.
Leon Trotsky
Trotsky favored world revolution.

19. Wanted to improve life for all in Russia
Trotsky
Wanted to improve life for all in Russia
Chased away by Stalin’s KGB (Stalin’s secret police)

20. One of the Russian Revolution leaderswith Lenin and Trotsky
Joseph Stalin
One of the Russian Revolution leaderswith Lenin and Trotsky
Average speaker, not educated like Trotsky

21. Craved power, willing to kill for it
Joseph Stalin
Craved power, willing to kill for it
Used KGB, allowed church, and propagandized

22. Benefited from the fact that education was controlled
Joseph Stalin
Benefited from the fact that education was controlled

23. Joseph Stalin
In his evil way, Stalin secured his power base, and engineered the permanent exile of Trotsky in 1929.

24. The exiled Trotsky was still very useful to Stalin as he now had Trotsky to blame for all the problems and difficulties that Russia suffered.

25. Propaganda Department of Stalin’s government
Worked for Stalin to support his image
Lied to convince the people to follow Stalin
Basically, Stalin’s PR group so people would accept Stalin

26. Cheka/OGPU/NKVD/KGB :
These were the various names/ initials given to the secret police during Stalin’s dictatorship.

27. Not really police, but forced all to support Stalin
KGB - Secret Police
Not really police, but forced all to support Stalin
Used force, often killed entire families for disobedience
Totally loyal, part of Stalin’s power, even over army

28. Politburo
This was the policy-making body of the Communist party’s Central Committee. In reality it was merely a force to carry out Stalin’s orders and secure his position as dictator.
Basically, Stalin’s “yes men” so it didn’t look like Stalin was running everything himself.

29. Use of Religion to Control Masses
Marx said religion was the "Opiate of the people" and a lie. (Opiate is a drug)
Used to make people not complain and do their work

30. Use of Religion to Control Masses
Religion was tolerated because people would work and not complain
Stalin knew religion would stop violent revolutions

31. Communist supporters
People believed Stalin because he was "Communist"
Many stayed loyal after it was obvious Stalin a tyrant
Betrayed by Stalin who ignored and killed them

32. Overall details of Russian Revolution
Supposed to fix problems from Czar
Life was even worse long after revolution
Stalin made Czar look like a nice guy

33. Kulaks :
These were the land-owning peasants who did not want their farms to be collectivized after the revolution. From 1929, Stalin began to exterminate them as a class.

34. 5 Year Plans
From , new economic plans, called the five-year plans, were introduced. The purpose was to improve industry

35. Germany and Great Britain :
Stalin negotiated with both Germany and Great Britain. The Russo-German pact of August 1939 allowed Russia to occupy eastern Poland while Germany occupied the rest.

36. Germany and Great Britain
On 22 June, 1941, Germany attacked her ally Russia without warning. Thus the unholy alliance between Nazism and Communism fell apart and Russia formed an alliance with Britain and the USA.

37. Cold War begins
The Tehran conference in 1943 presented the Soviet Union, Britain and America as allies. However, by the end of the Second World War, the Soviet Union became an enemy of its allies as the Cold War intensified.

38. Essential Questions

39. Who had the ideas in the beginning that inspired the rebellions?#1
Who had the ideas in the beginning that inspired the rebellions?

40. #2
What are the real enemies of Communism according to Marx, Lenin, Stalin and Trotsky?

41. #3 and #4
Who does Stalin blame anytime a problem arises? Why do you think Stalin blames this person?

42. #5 and #6
Who would you associate with this quote? Marx, Lenin Stalin or Trotsky? Why did you choose that person?
“All men are equal but some are more equal than others”

43. #7
Compare the lives of Russians when they live under Czar Nicholas and when they live under Stalin.

44. Tells of a dream that leads to Rebellion and inspires others.
#8 Who is this?
Tells of a dream that leads to Rebellion and inspires others.

45. Leader of the rebellion that drives out Czar Nicholas II.
#9 Who is this?
Leader of the rebellion that drives out Czar Nicholas II.

46. #10 Who is this?
Leader of Rebellion that is driven out of Russia and later killed in Mexico.

47. #11 Who is this?
Leader of the Rebellion that drives out his competition and starts to purge those that disagree or may disagree with him.

48. Branch of Government that enforces Stalin’s rules.
#12 Who is this?
Branch of Government that enforces Stalin’s rules.

49. Mr. Jones- Czar Nicholas II Old Major- Lenin Snowball- Trotsky
Who is Who
Mr. Jones- Czar Nicholas II
Old Major- Lenin
Snowball- Trotsky
Napoleon- Stalin

50. Major’s Skull-Lenin’s Body Battle of the Cowshed- Russian Civil War
Who is Who
Dogs-KGB
Windmill- 5 year plan
Major’s Skull-Lenin’s Body
Battle of the Cowshed- Russian Civil War

51. Who is Who Frederick- Hitler Animal Executions – Stalin’s Purge
Battle of the Windmill – World War II
Card Game- Tehran Conference
Pilkington- FDR

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