1. Fables and Allegory

2.  Very short  Features nonhuman characters personified to the extreme (such as animals, plants, objects)  Ends with moral or lesson

3.  Most well known writer of fables  Lived in Athens, Greece  Wrote many popular fables you are familiar with…  The Ant and the Grasshopper  The Lion and the Mouse  The Boy Who Cried Wolf  The Fox and the Crow

4.  Don’t cry over spilled milk.  Don’t count your chickens until they hatch.  Birds of a feather flock together.  Appearances are often deceiving.  Slow and steady wins the race.

5.  Form of artwork (in our case a piece of literature) that has at least two meanings  Literal meaning—what is about  Symbolic meaning—story stands for something else  Fables are often allegories

6. In a field one summer's day a grasshopper was hopping about, chirping and singing to its heart's content. A group of ants walked by, grunting as they struggled to carry plump kernels of corn. "Where are you going with those heavy things?" asked the grasshopper. Without stopping, the first ant replied, "To our ant hill. This is the third kernel I've delivered today." "Why not come and sing with me," teased the grasshopper, "instead of working so hard?" "We are helping to store food for the winter," said the ant, "and think you should do the same." "Winter is far away and it is a glorious day to play," sang the grasshopper.

7. But the ants went on their way and continued their hard work. The weather soon turned cold. All the food lying in the field was covered with a thick white blanket of snow that even the grasshopper could not dig through. Soon the grasshopper found itself dying of hunger. He staggered to the ants' hill and saw them handing out corn from the stores they had collected in the summer. He begged them for something to eat. “What!" cried the ants in surprise, "haven't you stored anything away for the winter? What in the world were you doing all last summer?" "I didn't have time to store any food," complained the grasshopper; "I was so busy playing music that before I knew it the summer was gone." The ants shook their heads in disgust, turned their backs on the grasshopper and went on with their work. MORAL  Don't forget -- there is a time for work and a time for play!

8. LiteralSymbolic  Ant  Corn  Grasshopper  Summer  Winter  Hardworking People  Work/Preparation  Simple Minded People  Opportunity  Hard Times

9. LiteralSymbolic  Mr. Jones  Old Major  Napoleon  Snowball  Squealer  Animalism  The Rebellion  The Dogs  Moses  Boxer  Benjamin  Mollie  Czar Nicholas II  Karl Marx  Stalin  Trotsky  Propaganda  Communism  Russian Revolution  KGB  Religion  Working class people of Russia  Skeptical people of Russia  Vain/Selfish people of Russia

10.  Cruel—beats animals with a whip  Irresponsible because he doesn’t feed them much  Sometimes kind— mixes milk in mash  Poor Russian leader  Lived lavish lifestyle at expense of people  Cruel—brutal to opponents  Sometimes kind

11.  Taught Animalism  Workers do the work, but rich keep the money  Dies before revolution  Collected ideas of communism  “Workers of the world unite” to take over gov’t  Dies before revolution

12.  Not a good speaker, not as clever as Snowball  Cruel, brutal, selfish, corrupt  Ambition is for power, killed opponents  Used dogs to control animals  Not a good speaker, not educated like Trotsky  Didn’t follow Marx’s ideas  Ambition for power, killed all that opposed him  Used KGB and propaganda to get his way

13.  Young, smart, good speaker  Really wants better life for all  Chased away into exile by Napoleon’s dogs  Other leader of Russian Revolution  Pure communist, followed Marx  Wanted to improve life for all people of Russia  Chased away by KGB

14.  No owners, no rich, but no poor  Workers get a better life  All animals equal  Everyone owns farm  No owners, no rich, but no poor  All people are equal  Government owns everything, people own government