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RADIOLOGY ANATOMY OF THE PITUITARY GLAND

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Presentation on theme: "RADIOLOGY ANATOMY OF THE PITUITARY GLAND"— Presentation transcript:

1 RADIOLOGY ANATOMY OF THE PITUITARY GLAND
Dr. fahad albadr

2 ANATOMY OF THE PITUITARY GLAND

3 OBJECTIVES Describe the position of the pituitary gland.
At the end of the lecture, students should be able to: Describe the position of the pituitary gland. List the structures related to the pituitary gland. Differentiate between the lobes of the gland.

4 PITUITARY GLAND (HYPOPHYSIS CEREBRI)
It is referred to as the master of endocrine glands. It is a small oval structure 1 cm in diameter.

5 PITUITARY GLAND X-RAY SKULL: LATERAL VIEW
SAGITTAL SECTION OF HEAD & NECK Pituitary gland Hypophyseal fossa Sphenoidal air sinus

6 It lies in the middle cranial fossa
POSITION It is well protected in sella turcica (hypophyseal fossa) of body of sphenoid It lies in the middle cranial fossa Sella turcica

7 Optic chiasma Mamillary body Body of sphenoid it lies between optic chiasma (anteriorly) & mamillary bodies (posteriorly).

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9 A fold of dura mater (Diaphragma sellae) covers the pituitary gland & has an opening for passage of infundibulum (pituitary stalk) connecting the gland to hypothalamus.

10 SUPERIOR: Diaphragma sellae INFERIOR: Sphenoidal air sinuses
IMPORTANT RELATIONS SUPERIOR: Diaphragma sellae INFERIOR: Sphenoidal air sinuses LATERAL: Cavernous sinuses

11 SUBDIVISIONS OF PITUITARY GLAND
Hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract The gland is subdivided into: 1) Anterior lobe (Adenohypophysis): it is the True gland, Secretes hormones 2) Posterior lobe (Neurohypophysis): connected to hypothalamus through hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract, Stores hormones secreted by hypothalamic nuclei

12 BLOOD SUPPLY OF PITUITARY GLAND
ARTERIES: Superior & inferior hypophyseal arteries (branches of internal carotid artery) VEINS: Hypophyseal veins drain into Cavernous Sinuses.

13 DISTRIBUTION OF ARTERIES
a hypothalamo- hypophseal portal vessel Superior hypophyseal: supplies infundibulum & forms a capillary network from which vessels pass downward & form sinusoids into the anterior lobe of pituitary gland (hypophyseal portal system). Inferior hypophyseal: supplies posterior lobe of pituitary gland.

14 ANTERIOR LOBE Hormone-releasing & inhibiting factors produced by hypothalamus use Hypophyseal Portal System of vessels to reach the Anterior lobe of pituitary gland

15 POSTERIOR LOBE The neurohypophysis receives a nerve supply from some of the hypothalamic nuclei (supraoptic & paraventricular) The axons of these nuclei convey their neurosecretion to the Posterior lobe of pituitary gland through Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal tract from where it passes into the blood stream.

16 NORMAL PITUITARY GLAND
The gland is composed of two parts: Anterior lobe (adeno hypophysis) Posterior lobe (neuro hypophysis) Normal size: Weight: 0.5g Height: 4-12 mm Anterior posterior: 5-16 mm

17 INDICATIONS FOR IMAGING THE PITUITARY GLAND
Hormonal dysfunction Cushing syndrome Growth abnormalities e.g. Growth hormone deficiency, acromegaly Visual abnormalities headache

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19 What is best modality to image the pituitary gland ?
X ray CT scan MRI US Nuclear medicine

20 What is best modality to image the pituitary gland ?
X ray CT scan MRI US Nuclear medicine

21 CT scan MRI

22 CT scan MRI

23 X RAY

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25 1 2 3 4 5 6

26 2- Anterior clinoid process 3-Floor of sella turcia (Pituitary fossa)
1 2 1-Optic sulcus 2- Anterior clinoid process 3-Floor of sella turcia (Pituitary fossa) 4- Posterior clinoid process 5- Dorsum sella 6- Sphenoid sinus 3 4 5 6

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28 MRI

29 4 3 5 2 6 1

30 1- pituitary gland 2- sphenoid sinus 3- optic chiasm 4- hypothalamus
5- pituitary stalk 6- claivus 5 2 6 1

31 NORMAL PITUITARY ADENOMA

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33 2 3 1 4 5 6

34 2 3 1 4 5 6

35 Optic chiasm Pituitary stalk Pituitary gland Carotid artery Cavernous sinus Sphenoid sinus

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40 THE END


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