1. Imaging studies of nervous system
Dr. Abubakr

2. Skull X-ray.
MRI of Brain: sagital, transverse & coronal sections.
Brain CT scan “transverse section”.
Cerebral angiography.
Myelography.

3. Skull X-ray.

4. True lateral radiograph:
Head views:

6. Posterior-anterior radiograph:
Head views:

8. Occipitomental radiograph:
Head views:
Occipitomental radiograph:

9. Occipitomental radiograph:
Head views:
Occipitomental radiograph:

10. MRI of Brain: sagital section
The frontal air sinus (1).
sphenoidal air sinus (2).
The nasal cavity (3).
nasopharynx (4).
foramen magnum (5).
odontoid process (6).

11. MRI of Brain: sagital section
optic chiasma (1).
pituitary gland (2).
cerebral aqueduct (often called the aqueduct of Sylvius) (3)
fourth ventricle (4)
tentorium cerebelli (5) divides the cranial cavity within the skull into a supratentorial compartment and an infratentorial compartment.
The paired mamillary bodies(6) lie in the floor of the third ventricle. These structures form part of the limbic system of the brain.

12. MRI of Brain: sagital section
The corpus callosum is itself subdivided in several regions. Note the genu (1), body (2) and splenium (3).
The anterior column of the fornix(4).
The thalamus is the largest nuclear mass within the entire human nervous system (5).
The hypothalamus (6)
The pineal gland (7) synthesizes melatonin, a hormone implicated in the waking/sleeping cycle.

13. transverse section of the brain

14. Cortex of the cerebrum

15. Grey matter

16. Basal nuclei & thalamus

17. ventricles

18. Internal capsule

19. External capsule

20. Extreme capsule

21. MRI of Brain: transverse section
Lateral Ventricle.
Third ventricle.
Caudate Nucleus.
a: Anterior Limb of Internal Capsule. b: Genu of Internal Capsule. c: Posterior limb of Internal Capsule.
Lentiform Nucleus.
Insula.
Insular artery.
Thalamus.
a. Gray Matter. b. White Matter.

22. MRI of Brain: coranal section
Longitudinal fissure.
cingulate sulcus.
cingulated gyrus.
corpus callosum.
lateral ventricle.
third ventricle.
cerebral aqueduct.
midbrain.
cerebellar hemisphere.
fourth ventricle cavity.
temporal lobe.
lateral sulcus.

24. Frontal Lobe.
Parietal Lobe.
Occipital Lobe.
Septum Pellucidum.
a. Rostrum of Corpus Callosum. b. Body of Corpus Callosum. c. Splenium of Corpus Callosum.
Pituitry.
Sphenoid air sinus.
Nasopharynx.
Frontal Air sinus.
Pons.
Medulla Oblongata.
Cerebellum.
Spinal Cord.
Fourth ventricle.
Sinus Confluence.

25. Brain CT scan “transverse section”.
The dark spaces within the bones represent the air sinuses. The frontal air sinus (A).
The nasal cavity (B).
In the lateral walls of the nasal cavity are numerous small dark areas representing the ethmoid air cells (C).
In the mid-line and at the posterior to the nasal cavity is the sphenoid air sinus (D).

26. Brain CT scan “transverse section”.
The orbit (A)
The eye ball(C).
Optic nerve (D)
Optic canal (E) or foramen.
The medial rectus muscle (B).

27. Brain CT scan “transverse section”.
Use this image to study the bony features of the skull.
frontal bone(A).
the zygoma(B). The temporal bone has a thin squamous component (C) and a much thicker petrous part (D).
Mastoid air cells (E).
The pinna (F).
The occipital bone (G).

28. Brain CT scan “transverse section”.
Frontal lobe.
Longitudinal fissure.
Septum pellucidum.
Anterior horn of lateral ventricle.
Caudate nucleus.
Third ventricle.
Posterior horn of tateral ventricle & choroid plexus.
falx cerebri.
Internal occipital protuberance.
Occipital lobe.
thalamus
White matter.

29. Cerebral angiography Carotid angiogram Anterior view
 Carotid angiogram Anterior view
 Carotid angiogram Lateral View
 Vertebral angiogram Anterior view
 Vertebral angiogram Lateral View
Abbreviations:
ACI - internal carotid artery
ACA - anterior cerebral artery
ACM - middle cerebral artery
BA - basilar artery
VA - vertebral artery
PCA - posterior cerebral artery
PICA - posterior inferior cerebellar artery

30. Myelography

31. Some Abnormalities:
Space occupying lesions: e.g. tumor, AV malformation, abscess…

32. Some Abnormalities:
prolapsed Intervertebral disc

33. Some Abnormalities
Epidural hemorrhage:

34. Some Abnormalities
Subdural hematoma:

35. Some Abnormalities
Hydrocephalus

36. Thanks