1. Unit 11- Nervous System  Nervous System  Receives and relays information  Monitors and responds to changes (internal, external)  Stimulus-Response

2. Receptors & Effectors  Receptor  Structure that detects change  Ex. skin, rods, cones, taste buds  Effector  Structure that responds to a stimulus  Ex. muscles, glands

3. Neuron  Individual nerve cell  3 types  Sensory neuron  carries impulses from receptors to brain/spinal cord  Motor neuron  carries impulses from brain/spinal cord to effectors  Interneuron  connect the sensory to the motor neurons

4. Nerve Impulse  Due to movement of Na+ ions and K+ ions  Polarized = “-“ inside “+” outside  Resting Potential  Depolarized- ions move, neuron becomes “+” inside, “-“ outside  Repolarized- ions move again, return to “-“ inside, “+” outside

5. Nerve Impulse  Action Potential  Depolarization and repolarization of a neuron membrane  Threshold  The minimum level of stimulus needed to start an impulse  Neurotransmitter  Chemicals released at the axon terminals  Carry the “impulse” across the synaptic gap

6. 3 Basic Parts of Neuron  Dendrite  Cell Body  Axon

7. Diagram of Impulse  Diagram A  #1= polarized  Diagram B  #3= polarized  #2= depolarized  Diagram C  #6= polarized  #5= depolarized  #4= repolarized

8. Neuron Structure (p 1006)  #5. Dendrite-  Extension that receives message and carries impulse toward cell body  #4. Cell body  Contains the nucleus(#1) and most cytoplasm of neuron

9. Neuron Structure (p 1006)  #2. Axon  Extension that carries impulse away from cell body  Myelin- sheath that surrounds axon  Schwann Cell- makes up myelin  Node- space between Schwann Cells  Axon terminal- end of axon at synapse

10. Diagram- Neuron Structure (p 1006)  #3. Synapse  Small gap between neurons

11. Right-Left Brain??  Write  Bat  Throw  Wave “hello”  Leg crossed  Hold fork  Fold hands  Take off shoe  Standing weight  First step  Start skipping  Kick  Dominant eye  Draw a dog  Draw circle  Switch hands draw circle  Count R’s and L’s

12. Brain Functions  1. You are welcomed in the kitchen by the smell of one of your favorite foods. You immediately ask what time the meal is being served.  2. While you are studying in the library, two of your friends pass by your table. You stop them to talk for a few minutes.

13. Brain Functions  3. You have been jogging for twenty minutes. Your heartbeat and breathing rates have increased.  4. You are working a gymnastics routine. You attempt to execute a difficult spin on the balance beam.

14. Brain Functions  5. You notice that each time you wear a certain wool sweater, your skin itches where it contacts the wool.  6. While visiting the ocean you mastered the skills necessary for riding a surfboard.

15. Brain Functions  7. You are planning to audition for a role in the school play. The role requires someone who can project various emotions.  8. You are sampling different types of perfume in order to pick out which one you would like to buy.

16. Brain Functions  9. After being out in the snow for awhile, your body begins to shiver.  10. After twisting your knee during soccer practice, you find that a whirlpool relieves the pain.

17. Brain Functions  11. While playing basketball, you steal the ball at mid-court and make a basket to tie the score.  12. You have just find out that your dog has chewed up your favorite pair of tennis shoes. You shout at the dog and slam your bedroom door.  12. You have just find out that your dog has chewed up your favorite pair of tennis shoes. You shout at the dog and slam your bedroom door.

18. Brain Functions  13. At a picnic you ate some fried chicken and apple pie.  14. You are taking a test that involves placing blocks of certain colors and shapes into certain areas.

19. Central Nervous System (CNS)  Diagram-  1. Cerebrum  2. Cerebellum  3. Medulla oblongata  4. Spinal cord  5. Peripheral (spinal) nerves

20. CNS  Diagram- Lobes of Cerebrum  a. frontal lobe  b. parietal lobe  c. temporal lobe  d. occipital lobe

21. Brain Functions- ID Brain Part  Cerebrum  Voluntary, sensory input, motor output, memory, thought, reason  Cerebellum  Involuntary, coordination, balance, graceful movement  Medulla Oblongata  Involuntary, heartbeat, breathing, blood pressure

22. CNS  Spinal cord  Extension of brain through the vertebrae, relays information to and from the brain

23. Cerebral Lobe Functions- ID Lobe  Temporal  taste, smell, hear, memory  Occipital  vision, motor output, speech  Frontal  personality, learning, thought, speech  Parietal  sensory input, touch

24. CNS- Protection  Cranium  Meninges  Membranes surrounding the brain & spinal cord  Arachnoid layer  Middle layer  Dura mater  Outer layer  Pia mater  Inner layer  Cerebrospinal fluid  Shock absorber, between arachnoid & pia mater

25. 2 Divisions of Nervous System  Central Nervous System  Brain  Spinal Cord  Peripheral Nervous System  All nerves extending to and from CNS

26. Peripheral Nervous System  Motor Division  carries impulses from brain/spinal cord to effectors  Sensory Division  carries impulses from sensory organs to brain/spinal cord

27. Motor Division  Autonomic System  Involuntary  Sympathetic System  Parasympathetic System  Somatic System  Under conscious control

28. Reflex Arc  Quick response to stimulus  Ex. Knee Jerk Reflex  Usually 3 neurons  Sensory neuron  Interneuron  Motor neuron