1. SOC 20 Textbook: Chapter 5 Answer questions on the slides using the textbook

2.  Loyalty What pops into your head when Mr. V says:

3.   Jot down 10 of your loyalties (people, or things…). Your Loyalties

4.   But there are often expectations of loyalties.  What are the expectations for the loyalties shown here?  Member of a Volleyball Team  Member of a Church  What happens when loyalties fight with each other? Costs of Loyalties

5.   Nationalism requires that people feel a sense of loyalty, and commitment, to their nation (textbook g. 99)  Contending loyalties break the commitment and weaken a sense of nationalism …BUT…  How deep should our nationalism go? Nationalism & Loyalty

6.  Two Types of Contending Loyalties Nationalist & Nationalist  Some people see themselves as belonging multiple “nations”  Canada is called a Nation of Nations  Could there be conflict? Nationalist & Non-Nationalist  On the other hand, our national loyalties may conflict with our beliefs and other loyalties  Example: Canada’s legalization of gay marriage and our Christian beliefs

7.   Thus people may find their loyalties in conflict for a variety of ways.  List, and describe two ways in which your loyalties are in conflict. Two Types of Contending Loyalties

8.  How are contending loyalties seen in Canada?  Each Canadian needs to find something of value in Canada – something they are loyal to  This varies from person to person  For many Canadians, their individual loyalties are stronger than their loyalty to Canada. This creates conflict.  Let’s see some examples of contending loyalties in Canada Contending Nationalist Loyalties

9.   Often see loyalties to their:  Culture & Language  Province  Historic backgrounds  For example, many French Canadians identify with the fleur-de-lis, as a connection to France  Similarly, as we saw with the creation of Lower Canada, Francophones were given a homeland – foundation of Francophone nationalism French Canadian Loyalties

10.  Language Loyalties  What was Bill 101, and why was it implemented?  Why is it so divisive? Sign: “In Quebec, French, and French only” French Canadian Loyalties

11.  Quebec Sovereignty  For some Quebecers, their Francophone loyalty is so strong that they wish to sever all ties with Canada  Who are the ADQ? What are their goals?  What ideas about reconciling Quebecois nationalist loyalties are proposed by the ADQ? French Canadian Loyalties

12.   Canada’s First Nations have deep loyalties to their own nation, which causes tension with their loyalties to Canada Case Study: The Meech Lake Accord  In 1981, Prime Minister Trudeau was finalizing the patriation of Canada’s Constitution  This would put the Constitution in Canada’s control, not Great Britain’s  Quebecers opposed the move, but it was completed anyways in 1982 First Nations Loyalties

13.   Quebec did, however, have several demands, so a modification to Canada’s brand new Constitution was developed in 1987: The Meech Lake Accord  Modifications:  Recognition of Quebec as a ‘distinct society’  Constitutional veto for all provinces  Increased provincial powers with respect to immigration  Provincial ability to opt out of federal programs  Provincial input into the appointment of Senators and Supreme Court judges First Nations Loyalties

14.   The accord was set to be passed very quickly, but in Manitoba, many of the First Nations were displeased that their needs and desires were not consulted in the planning of the Meech Lake Accord  An aboriginal member of Manitoba’s assembly raised his Eagle feather in opposition to the accord – this prevented it from passing  A unanimous vote was needed  The First Nations had expressed their insistence that their needs be met First Nations Loyalties

15.   The death of the Meech Lake Accord is a landmark for both Quebecois and First Nations Nationalism  “ …English Canada must clearly understand that no matter what is said or done, Quebec is, today and forever, a distinct society, that is free and able to assume the control of its destiny and development.” – Robert Bourassa First Nations Loyalties

16.   Explain why the Inuit opposed Uranium Mining.  How is this an example of contending loyalties for the Inuit? First Nations Loyalties

17.   While many First Nations are loyal to Canada, others have been unable to reconcile their loyalties  First nations seek to reconcile their loyalties by  Government action  Protests & Petitions  Legal mediation First Nations Loyalties

18. Has Canada earned the loyalty of Aboriginal people? Can Aboriginal people feel a loyalty both to Canada and to their aboriginal nations? Answer the following questions. Be detailed. Include at least three distinct arguments / ideas for each

19.  Nationalist and Non-Nationalist Loyalties

20.   Canada’s Charter of Rights and Freedoms enables all Canadians to challenge laws if they believe their religious rights have been infringed upon.  The Hutterites in Alberta did exactly that.  Why did the Hutterites oppose having their picture taken?  How did this cause tension with their loyalty to Canada?  How was the issue resolved? Nation & Religion

21.   Other religious groups have certain regulations that many Canadians would disagree with  For example, all Sikhs are required to be armed at all times to protect themselves.  When Sikhism began, their members were hunted Nation & Religion

22.   Think about your ties to a region. What would you identify as your region, and how strongly are you and the people around you attached to it?  Do your regional loyalties contend with other loyalties you have? Nation & Geography

23.   Many people feel a connection to the wider world beyond their nation  This is called Internationalism  Read about the four organizations below, and identify how they act globally  Oxfam International  Doctors Without Borders  Greenpeace  World Wildlife Fund Nation & Global

24.   Occasionally, our fundamental beliefs may conflict with the choices our nation makes. E.g.:  Humanitarianism – the belief that all human beings deserve to be treated with respect and dignity  How do people who believe in this principle react when their country enters a military conflict? Can they support it? How should they respond?  How will they be treated by their neighbours, because of the beliefs they hold? Nation & Beliefs

25.   We will discover that many of the major conflicts of the 20 th century are rooted in contending loyalties  We will also discover that these conflicts are based on national interest – when nations look out for themselves Connection to the 20 th Century