1. FROM THE ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION TO THE US CONSTITUTION AND THE CHALLENGES OF THE FIRST ADMINISTRATIONS Chapter 2: Sections 3-4: pp. 66-79

2. Successes of AOC Created a Republic Land Ordinance of 1785 – Surveyed the NW territories – Sold territories to pay for the war – Encouraged settlement in the NW territory – Set land aside for education and religion. – See pages 72-73

5. The 1785 Land Ordinance Today

6. NW Ordinance 1787

7. Weaknesses Outweighed the Successes Only one branch – legislative However required 9 of 13 votes to pass a law No executive branch to enforce laws No judicial branch to arbitrate disputes Unanimity required to amend the AOC States did not want a strong national gov Deliberately wanted to keep it weak and the states stronger. National gov was unable to pass or collect taxes

8. Shay’s Rebellion Hero of Battle of Bunker & Saratoga Returned home to farm but couldn’t pay his taxes because he was never paid for his army service. When banks tried to foreclose on his property he led rebellion. Shay’s Rebellion convinced nation that AOC was too weak and that we needed a stronger national government

9. Constitutional Convention First issue @ Convention dealt with Representation Virginia Plan New Jersey Plan Great Compromise Second Issue was Representation of Slaves Three-Fifths Compromise Federalism Enumerated or delegated powers of fed’l gov Reserved powers to the states

10. Checks & Balances Built in the Constitution to prevent any one branch or power from dominating the others. – 3 branches – Federalism – Bill of Rights – Congress – Judicial Review All examples of C/B

11. Separation of Powers Legislative Branch – makes laws Executive Branch – enforces the laws Judicial Branch – Interprets the laws

12. Federalism Division of power between the states and the federal government. – Enumerated powers are those given to the federal government – Reserve powers belong to the states – This is also a check and balance

13. Federalists & Anti-federalist Federalists supported the Constitution. Alexander Hamilton, John Jay & James Madison wrote essays called the Federalist Papers in favor of ratification. Anti-federalists opposed ratification

14. Bill of Rights Anti-Federalists refused to ratify the Constitution without a Bill of Rights. Federalists didn’t think it was necessary but agreed. Purpose of BOR was to protect individuals from national government

15. Amendments The only way to change the Constitution is through the amendment process. Congress or 2/3 of states can propose amendment Needs to be ratified by ¾ of states Not easy to pass amendment There have only been 27 Amendments are one way that the Constitution can change with the times

16. Ratification

17. Washington Administration Civic Duty First cabinet – Hamilton Excise National Bank Favored industrial elite – Jefferson Opposed bank Favored the common man Whiskey Rebellion French Revolution Neutrality Ms. Garratt thinks I was the greatest president. Honk if you agree

18. Alexander Hamilton Became Sec of the Treasury Proposed – National bank – Excise Tax – Assumption of debt Strongly opposed by Jefferson Favored industrial economy & strong central government Became head of the Federalist party. Loose interpreter of the Constitution

19. Thomas Jefferson Opposed Hamilton’s policies He’ll become leader of the Republican party Favored the common man. Wanted agrarian society Opposed the National Bank Believed in state’s rights Strict interpreter of the Constitution

20. Whiskey Rebellion Hamilton wanted to repay nat’l debt following Rev. Why? In order to do so an excise tax on whiskey was passed. Whiskey farmers revolted Washington led 13,000 to stop rebellion and demonstrate federal gov’s strength

21. Washington Administration Had to create gov

22. Adams Administration

23. Alien & Sedition Acts

24. Virginia & Kentucky Resolutions

25. Jefferson Administration Jeffersonian Republicanism Election of 1800 Reduced the size of government Gov became less formal Madison v. Marbury Louisiana Purchase Lewis & Clark Crisis with Britain & France at sea

26. Marbury v. Madison

27. Louisiana Purchase

28. Lewis & Clark

29. War of 1812

30. Nationalism & the Monroe Doctrine